Hindlimb Muscles Flashcards
The hindlimb lacks
protractors and retractors
4 Flexors of the Hip
-Iliopsoas
-Rectus femoris
-Sartorius*
-Tensor Fascia Latae
The Iliopsoas muscle is a combination of two muscles:
-Iliacus
-Psoas Major
The major nerve for the cranial aspect of the thigh is the
Femoral Nerve
Iliopsoas (origin/insertion)
O:
L2-6 (Psoas Major)
Cranio-ventral ilium (iliacus)
I: Lesser Trochanter
Bony prominence in the front limb is called ___ while in the hind limb it’s called ___
Tubercle; Trochanter
Insertion for the Iliopsoas muscle is the
Lesser Trochanter
The iliacus and psoas major muscles together make up the
Iliopsoas
The Psoas Major muscle is a
Hypaxial muscle
What muscles are highlighted below? Together they make the ____
Yellow: Psoas Major
Red: Iliacus
Iliopsoas Muscle
The ___ head of the Quadriceps is the only one that connects to the hip
Rectus Femoris
Four Heads of the Quadriceps are:
-Rectus Femoris
-Lateral Vastus
-Medial Vastus
-Intermediate Vastus
Rectus Femoris of the Quadriceps is innervated by the
Femoral Nerve
Rectus Femoris (origin/insertion)
O: Tuberosity of Rectus Femoris
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
The Tensor Fasciae Latae has
A Cranial and Caudal Head
Tensor Fasciae Latae (origin/insertion)
O: Tuber coxae
I: Fascia Latae
The superficial layer of thick fascia covering the quadriceps is the
Fascia Latae
Longest muscle in the body is the
Sartorius
Outward rotators will ____ the limb ____
turn; outwards
2 Outward Rotators:
-Internal Obturator
-External Obturator*
Which nerve innervates the Internal Obturator
Sciatic
A fan shaped muscle inside the pelvis
Internal Obturator
Internal Obturator (origin/insertion)
O: Dorsal ischium & pubis
I: Trochanteric Fossa
The Trochanteric Fossa is
a dip between the greater and lesser trochanter of the femur
The Hamstring is comprised of
-Biceps Femoris
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
The Rectus Femoris, Lateral Vastus, Medial Vastus, and Intermediate Vastus make up the
Quadriceps
The Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus make up the
Hamstrings
5 Extensors of the Hip:
-Biceps Femoris
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
-Gluteals (superficial, middle, and deep)
-Gracilis
Three parts to the Gluteals are
-Superficial*
-Middle (largest)
-Deep*
What nerve innervates the Hamstring
Sciatic
Most medial Hamstring is the
Semimembranosus
All Hamstring muscles originate at the
Ischiatic Tuberosity
Biceps Femoris (origin/insertion)
O: Ischiatic Tuberosity
I: Patella, Cranial Border of Tibia, and Calcaneus
Which Hamstring muscle has three insertions
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus (origin/insertion)
O: Ischiatic Tuberosity
I: Medial Tibia and Calcaneus
Semimembranosus (origin/insertion)
O: Ischiatic Tuberosity
I: Medial Femur and Tibia
A thick muscle that takes up majority of the Ilium
Middle Gluteal
Middle Gluteal (origin/insertion)
O: Crest and Lateral Ilium
I: Greater Trochanter
Which muscle keeps the back legs together
Gracilis
What nerve innervates the Gracilis muscle
Obturator
Gracilis (origin/insertion)
O: Pelvic Symphysis
I: Cranial border of Tibia and Calcaneus
Semitendinosus and Gracilis muscles are similar in that they
Both insert at the Tibia and Calcaneus
Extensors of the Stifle work to
straighten your knee
4 Extensors of the Stifle:
-Biceps Femoris
-Quadriceps Femoris (rectus femoris, lateral/medial/intermediate vastus)
-Tensor Fasciae Latae
-Sartorius*
The Sartorius muscle inserts at the
Patella
Nerve that innervates ALL Quadriceps Femoris muscles is the
Femoral Nerve
ALL Quadriceps Femoris muscles
insert at the Patella / Tibial Tuberosity
The Lateral Vastus, Medial Vastus, and Intermediate Vastus
Originate at the Proximal Femur and Insert at the Patella / Tibial Tuberosity
Rectus Femoris (1) (origin/insertion)
-part of quadriceps
O: Tuberosity of Rectus Femoris
I: Patella / Tibial Tuberosity
What are the muscles highlighted below? What do they make up?
Yellow (1): Lateral Vastus
Green (2): Medial Vastus
Orange (3): Intermediate Vastus
Pink (4): Rectus Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris
List the muscles highlighted below (Medial View of Stifle):
Red: Gracilis
Pink: Semimembranosus
Green: Semitendinosus
Orange: Sartorius (cranial and caudal)
Yellow: Medial Vastus
Blue: Rectus Femoris
Flexors of the stifle work to
bring the tibia/fibula caudally to the femur
4 Flexors of the Stifle
-Gastrocnemius
-Popliteus*
-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus)
Nerve that innervates the muscles of the caudal aspect of lower limb
Tibial Nerve
The Common Calcaneal Tendon is also called
Achilles Tendon
Your calf muscle is the
Gastrocnemius
Gastrocnemius is innervated by the ___ nerve
Tibial
Gastrocnemius (1) (origin/insertion)
-has two heads
O: Lateral and Medial Supracondylar Tuberosity
I: Tuber Calcis (ie. common calcaneal tendon)
The Achilles Tendon is formally called the
Common Calcaneal Tendon
What muscle is deep to Gastrocnemius
Superficial Digital Flexor
What nerve innervates the Superficial Digital Flexor
Tibial
Superficial Digital Flexor (origin/insertion)
O: Lateral Supracondylar Tuberosity
I: Tuber calcis and Middle Phalanges II-V
The Tuber Calcis is the
main component of the Common Calcaneal Tendon (Achilles Tendon)
Hamstring flexors are the
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
Which Hamstring can extend and flex
Biceps Femoris
The hock is formally called
The Tarsus
Flexors of the tarsus also
Extend the Digits
3 Flexors of the Hock (Tarsus)
-Long Digital Extensor
-Cranial Tibial
-Peroneus Longus*
Which hindlimb muscle is analogous to the forelimb’s Common Digital Extensor
Long Digital Extensor
Which forelimb muscle is analogous to the hindlimb’s Long Digital Extensor
Common Digital Extensor
The Peroneal nerve (2)
-branches off the Sciatic nerve
-innervates cranial hindlimb muscles
Long Digital Extensor (origin/insertion)
O: Lateral epicondyle of femur
I: Distal Phalanx II-V
The largest FLEXOR of the tarsus is
Cranial Tibal
What nerve innervates the Cranial Tibial
Peroneal Nerve
Cranial Tibial (origin/insertion)
O: Cranial border of tibia
I: Proximal metatarsal II
Extensors of the digits also
Flex the Tarsus (hock)
Which nerve innervates the Long Digital Extensor
Peroneal
2 Extensors of the Digits
-Long Digital Extensor
-Lateral Digital Extensor*
Extensors of the Tarsus work to
point your toes
5 Extensors of the Tarsus:
-Biceps Femoris
-Semitendinosus
-Gracilis
-Gastrocnemius
-Superficial Digital Flexor
4 Flexors of the Digits:
-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor
-Interosseous
-Interflexorius*
The Deep Digital Flexor is actually
Two muscles:
-Lateral Flexor
-Medial Flexor
Deep Digital Flexor (origin/insertion)
O: Proximal Caudal Tibia and Fibula
I: Distal Phalanx II-V
What nerve innervates the Deep Digital Flexor
Tibial
The peroneal nerve innervates (2)
-Long Digital Extensor
-Cranial Tibial
The tibial nerve innervates (3)
-Gastrocnemius
-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor
The femoral nerve innervates (2)
-iliacus of the Iliopsoas
-Quadriceps Femoris (rectus femoris, lateral/medial/intermediate vastus)
The obturator nerve innervates (2)
-Gracilis
-The Adductor
5 Adductors of the Hindlimb:
-Sartorius*
-Gracilis
-Adductor Magnus et Brevis
-Adductor Longus*
-Pectineus*
The “Adductor” is
Adductor Magnus et Brevis and Adductor Longus*
The pectineus muscle is a
fusiform muscle
What nerve innervates the adductor
Obturator Nerve
A short, wide, and thick muscle of the hindlimb is the
Adductor
The Adductor (origin/insertion)
O: Pelvic Symphysis and Ischium
I: Caudal Femur
