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VETS1021: Locomotion (Dog) > Hindlimb Muscles > Flashcards

Hindlimb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

The hindlimb lacks

A

protractors and retractors

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2
Q

4 Flexors of the Hip

A

-Iliopsoas
-Rectus femoris
-Sartorius*
-Tensor Fascia Latae

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3
Q

The Iliopsoas muscle is a combination of two muscles:

A

-Iliacus
-Psoas Major

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4
Q

The major nerve for the cranial aspect of the thigh is the

A

Femoral Nerve

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5
Q

Iliopsoas (origin/insertion)

A

O:
L2-6 (Psoas Major)
Cranio-ventral ilium (iliacus)
I: Lesser Trochanter

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6
Q

Bony prominence in the front limb is called ___ while in the hind limb it’s called ___

A

Tubercle; Trochanter

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7
Q

Insertion for the Iliopsoas muscle is the

A

Lesser Trochanter

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8
Q

The iliacus and psoas major muscles together make up the

A

Iliopsoas

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9
Q

The Psoas Major muscle is a

A

Hypaxial muscle

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10
Q

What muscles are highlighted below? Together they make the ____

A

Yellow: Psoas Major
Red: Iliacus
Iliopsoas Muscle

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11
Q

The ___ head of the Quadriceps is the only one that connects to the hip

A

Rectus Femoris

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12
Q

Four Heads of the Quadriceps are:

A

-Rectus Femoris
-Lateral Vastus
-Medial Vastus
-Intermediate Vastus

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13
Q

Rectus Femoris of the Quadriceps is innervated by the

A

Femoral Nerve

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14
Q

Rectus Femoris (origin/insertion)

A

O: Tuberosity of Rectus Femoris
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity via patella ligament

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15
Q

The Tensor Fasciae Latae has

A

A Cranial and Caudal Head

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16
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae (origin/insertion)

A

O: Tuber coxae
I: Fascia Latae

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17
Q

The superficial layer of thick fascia covering the quadriceps is the

A

Fascia Latae

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18
Q

Longest muscle in the body is the

A

Sartorius

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19
Q

Outward rotators will ____ the limb ____

A

turn; outwards

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20
Q

2 Outward Rotators:

A

-Internal Obturator
-External Obturator*

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21
Q

Which nerve innervates the Internal Obturator

A

Sciatic

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22
Q

A fan shaped muscle inside the pelvis

A

Internal Obturator

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23
Q

Internal Obturator (origin/insertion)

A

O: Dorsal ischium & pubis
I: Trochanteric Fossa

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24
Q

The Trochanteric Fossa is

A

a dip between the greater and lesser trochanter of the femur

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25
Q

The Hamstring is comprised of

A

-Biceps Femoris
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus

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26
Q

The Rectus Femoris, Lateral Vastus, Medial Vastus, and Intermediate Vastus make up the

A

Quadriceps

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27
Q

The Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus make up the

A

Hamstrings

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28
Q

5 Extensors of the Hip:

A

-Biceps Femoris
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
-Gluteals (superficial, middle, and deep)
-Gracilis

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29
Q

Three parts to the Gluteals are

A

-Superficial*
-Middle (largest)
-Deep*

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30
Q

What nerve innervates the Hamstring

A

Sciatic

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31
Q

Most medial Hamstring is the

A

Semimembranosus

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32
Q

All Hamstring muscles originate at the

A

Ischiatic Tuberosity

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33
Q

Biceps Femoris (origin/insertion)

A

O: Ischiatic Tuberosity
I: Patella, Cranial Border of Tibia, and Calcaneus

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34
Q

Which Hamstring muscle has three insertions

A

Biceps Femoris

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35
Q

Semitendinosus (origin/insertion)

A

O: Ischiatic Tuberosity
I: Medial Tibia and Calcaneus

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36
Q

Semimembranosus (origin/insertion)

A

O: Ischiatic Tuberosity
I: Medial Femur and Tibia

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37
Q

A thick muscle that takes up majority of the Ilium

A

Middle Gluteal

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38
Q

Middle Gluteal (origin/insertion)

A

O: Crest and Lateral Ilium
I: Greater Trochanter

39
Q

Which muscle keeps the back legs together

A

Gracilis

40
Q

What nerve innervates the Gracilis muscle

A

Obturator

41
Q

Gracilis (origin/insertion)

A

O: Pelvic Symphysis
I: Cranial border of Tibia and Calcaneus

42
Q

Semitendinosus and Gracilis muscles are similar in that they

A

Both insert at the Tibia and Calcaneus

43
Q

Extensors of the Stifle work to

A

straighten your knee

44
Q

4 Extensors of the Stifle:

A

-Biceps Femoris
-Quadriceps Femoris (rectus femoris, lateral/medial/intermediate vastus)
-Tensor Fasciae Latae
-Sartorius*

45
Q

The Sartorius muscle inserts at the

A

Patella

46
Q

Nerve that innervates ALL Quadriceps Femoris muscles is the

A

Femoral Nerve

47
Q

ALL Quadriceps Femoris muscles

A

insert at the Patella / Tibial Tuberosity

48
Q

The Lateral Vastus, Medial Vastus, and Intermediate Vastus

A

Originate at the Proximal Femur and Insert at the Patella / Tibial Tuberosity

49
Q

Rectus Femoris (1) (origin/insertion)

A

-part of quadriceps
O: Tuberosity of Rectus Femoris
I: Patella / Tibial Tuberosity

50
Q

What are the muscles highlighted below? What do they make up?

A

Yellow (1): Lateral Vastus
Green (2): Medial Vastus
Orange (3): Intermediate Vastus
Pink (4): Rectus Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris

51
Q

List the muscles highlighted below (Medial View of Stifle):

A

Red: Gracilis
Pink: Semimembranosus
Green: Semitendinosus
Orange: Sartorius (cranial and caudal)
Yellow: Medial Vastus
Blue: Rectus Femoris

52
Q

Flexors of the stifle work to

A

bring the tibia/fibula caudally to the femur

53
Q

4 Flexors of the Stifle

A

-Gastrocnemius
-Popliteus*
-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus)

54
Q

Nerve that innervates the muscles of the caudal aspect of lower limb

A

Tibial Nerve

55
Q

The Common Calcaneal Tendon is also called

A

Achilles Tendon

56
Q

Your calf muscle is the

A

Gastrocnemius

57
Q

Gastrocnemius is innervated by the ___ nerve

A

Tibial

58
Q

Gastrocnemius (1) (origin/insertion)

A

-has two heads
O: Lateral and Medial Supracondylar Tuberosity
I: Tuber Calcis (ie. common calcaneal tendon)

59
Q

The Achilles Tendon is formally called the

A

Common Calcaneal Tendon

60
Q

What muscle is deep to Gastrocnemius

A

Superficial Digital Flexor

61
Q

What nerve innervates the Superficial Digital Flexor

A

Tibial

62
Q

Superficial Digital Flexor (origin/insertion)

A

O: Lateral Supracondylar Tuberosity
I: Tuber calcis and Middle Phalanges II-V

63
Q

The Tuber Calcis is the

A

main component of the Common Calcaneal Tendon (Achilles Tendon)

64
Q

Hamstring flexors are the

A

-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus

65
Q

Which Hamstring can extend and flex

A

Biceps Femoris

66
Q

The hock is formally called

A

The Tarsus

67
Q

Flexors of the tarsus also

A

Extend the Digits

68
Q

3 Flexors of the Hock (Tarsus)

A

-Long Digital Extensor
-Cranial Tibial
-Peroneus Longus*

69
Q

Which hindlimb muscle is analogous to the forelimb’s Common Digital Extensor

A

Long Digital Extensor

70
Q

Which forelimb muscle is analogous to the hindlimb’s Long Digital Extensor

A

Common Digital Extensor

71
Q

The Peroneal nerve (2)

A

-branches off the Sciatic nerve
-innervates cranial hindlimb muscles

72
Q

Long Digital Extensor (origin/insertion)

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of femur
I: Distal Phalanx II-V

73
Q

The largest FLEXOR of the tarsus is

A

Cranial Tibal

74
Q

What nerve innervates the Cranial Tibial

A

Peroneal Nerve

75
Q

Cranial Tibial (origin/insertion)

A

O: Cranial border of tibia
I: Proximal metatarsal II

76
Q

Extensors of the digits also

A

Flex the Tarsus (hock)

77
Q

Which nerve innervates the Long Digital Extensor

A

Peroneal

78
Q

2 Extensors of the Digits

A

-Long Digital Extensor
-Lateral Digital Extensor*

79
Q

Extensors of the Tarsus work to

A

point your toes

80
Q

5 Extensors of the Tarsus:

A

-Biceps Femoris
-Semitendinosus
-Gracilis
-Gastrocnemius
-Superficial Digital Flexor

81
Q

4 Flexors of the Digits:

A

-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor
-Interosseous
-Interflexorius*

82
Q

The Deep Digital Flexor is actually

A

Two muscles:
-Lateral Flexor
-Medial Flexor

83
Q

Deep Digital Flexor (origin/insertion)

A

O: Proximal Caudal Tibia and Fibula
I: Distal Phalanx II-V

84
Q

What nerve innervates the Deep Digital Flexor

A

Tibial

85
Q

The peroneal nerve innervates (2)

A

-Long Digital Extensor
-Cranial Tibial

86
Q

The tibial nerve innervates (3)

A

-Gastrocnemius
-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor

87
Q

The femoral nerve innervates (2)

A

-iliacus of the Iliopsoas
-Quadriceps Femoris (rectus femoris, lateral/medial/intermediate vastus)

88
Q

The obturator nerve innervates (2)

A

-Gracilis
-The Adductor

89
Q

5 Adductors of the Hindlimb:

A

-Sartorius*
-Gracilis
-Adductor Magnus et Brevis
-Adductor Longus*
-Pectineus*

90
Q

The “Adductor” is

A

Adductor Magnus et Brevis and Adductor Longus*

91
Q

The pectineus muscle is a

A

fusiform muscle

92
Q

What nerve innervates the adductor

A

Obturator Nerve

93
Q

A short, wide, and thick muscle of the hindlimb is the

A

Adductor

94
Q

The Adductor (origin/insertion)

A

O: Pelvic Symphysis and Ischium
I: Caudal Femur

VETS1021: Locomotion (Dog) (9 decks)

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