Forelimb Muscles Flashcards
1
Q
Extrinsic Muscles
A
Attach the limb to the trunk to move the whole limb
2
Q
Intrinsic Muscles
A
Move limb bones relative to one another
3
Q
Forelimb muscles are classified by 6 types of movement
A
-flexors
-extensors
-rotators
-elevators
-protractors
-retractors
4
Q
Protractor and Retractor muscles are
A
extrinsic
5
Q
Flexors
A
reduction in the angle of the joint
6
Q
Extensors
A
increasing the angle of the joint
7
Q
Protractors
A
Moving the whole limb forwards (off the ground)
8
Q
Rotators
A
Supination and Pronation
9
Q
Elevators
A
Raise the limb
10
Q
Retractors
A
Moving the whole limb backwards (on the ground)
11
Q
Shoulder Support Muscles (7)
A
-Serratus ventralis
-Rhomboideus
-Superficial Pectoral
-Deep Pectoral
-Trapezius
-Brachiocephalicus
-Latisimus dorsi
12
Q
Serratus ventralis (origin/insertion)
A
O: Cervical vertebrae and ribs
I: Fascies serrara of scapula
13
Q
Rhomboideus Parts (3)
A
-Capital (smallest, least substantial)
-Cervical
-Thoracic
14
Q
Cervical Rhomboideus (origin/insertion)
A
O: Median raphe of neck
I: Dorsal Scapula
15
Q
Thoracic Rhomboideus (origin/insertion)
A
O: Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
I; Dorsal Scapula
16
Q
Superficial Pectoral (origin/insertion)
A
O: Sternebrae 1-3
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
17
Q
Deep Pectoral (origin/insertion)
A
O: Sternum
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus and medical brachial fascia
18
Q
The Brachium is
A
the upper forelimb
19
Q
Trapezius is (3)
A
-thin
-superficial to Rhomboideus
-has two parts (Cervical and Thoracic )
20
Q
Cervical Trapezius (origin/insertion)
A
O: Median raphe of neck
I: Spine of scapula
21
Q
Thoracic Trapezius (origin/insertion)
A
O: Supraspinous Ligament
I: Spine of scapula
22
Q
Accessory (CN XI) Nerve innervates the
A
-Trapezius
-Cleidocervicalis
-Celidomastoideus
23
Q
Remnant of the clavicle is
A
Clavicular Tendon
24
Q
Brachiocephalicus has 3 parts:
A
-Cleidobrachialis
-Cleidocervicalis
-Cleidomastoideus
25
All three parts of the Brachiocephalicus originate at
Clavicular Tendon
26
Cleidobrachialis (origin/insertion)
O: Clavicular Tendon
I: Cranial humerus
27
Cleidocervicalis (origin/insertion)
O: Clavicular Tendon
I: Median raphe of neck
28
Cleidomastoideus (origin/insertion)
O: Clavicular Tendon
I: Mastoid process of skull
29
The flattest shoulder support muscle is the
Latissimus dorsi
30
The largest shoulder support muscle is the
Brachiocephalicus
31
Latissimus dorsi (origin/insertion)
O: Thoracic and Lumbar vertebral fascia
I: Proximal humerus
32
What are the three muscles highlighted
Green: Brachiocephalicus
Purple: Trapezius
Yellow: Deep Pectoral
33
What are the four shoulder support muscles highlighted below? What has been removed?
Orange: Rhomboideus
Purple: Serratus ventralis
Green: Latissimus dorsi
Yellow: Deep Pectoral
Removed: Trapezius
34
Protractors of the forelimb: (4)
-Brachiocephalicus
-Cervical and Capital Rhomboideus
-Superfical Pectoral
-Cervical Trapezius
35
Adduction
Moving the limb towards the midline of the body
36
Adductor of the forelimb
Superficial Pectoral
37
Abduction
Moving the limb away from the midline of the body
38
Abductors of the forelimb
-Deltoideus
-Cervical and Thoracic Trapezius
39
What is the MAIN abductor of the forelimb
Deltoideus
40
2 parts of the Deltoideus
-Acromial
-Spinal
41
The Deltoideus inserts at
Deltoid tuberosity
42
Acromial Deltoideus (origin/insertion)
O: Acromion
I: Deltoid tuberosity
43
Spinal Deltoideus (origin/insertion)
O: Spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity
44
5 Retractors of the forelimb:
-Latissimus dorsi
-Rhomboideus (thoracic)
-Superficial Pectoral
-Deep Pectoral
-Trapezius (thoracic)
45
2 Elevators of the forelimb:
-Trapezius
-Rhomboideus
46
3 Flexors of the shoulder:
-Teres Major
-Deltoideus (acromial and spinal)
-Infraspinatus
47
Teres Major (origin/insertion)
O: Caudal scapula
I: Teres tuberosity (major)
48
Largest Flexor of the shoulder
Infraspinatus
49
Infraspinatus (origin/insertion)
O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle
50
Infraspinous fossa is
The large area on the lateral side of the scapula, immediately under the spine of the scapula
51
What three muscle insert on the Greater Tubercle
-Superficial Pectoral
-Infraspinatus
-Supraspinatus
52
Teres major is best seen on the
Medial aspect
53
Two Extensors of the shoulder:
-Brachiocephalicus
-Supraspinatus
54
The Musculocutaneous nerve innervates the
Biceps brachii
55
Supraspinatus (origin/insertion)
O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle
56
Supraspinous fossa is located on
The lateral part of the scapula, above the spine of scapula
57
Suprascapular nerve innervates
-Infraspinatus
-Supraspinatus
58
Two flexors of the elbow:
-Biceps brachii
-Brachialis*
59
Which ventral muscle mass in reptiles became cranial in mammals
Biceps brachii
60
Which dorsal muscle mass in reptiles became caudal and cranial in mammals
Triceps brachii
61
Biceps brachii (origin/insertion)
O: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: Radial and Ulnar tuberosities
62
Extensor of the elbow is
Triceps brachii
63
Triceps brachii has ___ heads in the dog
four
64
All heads of the Triceps brachii insert at the
Olecranon
65
Which nerve innervates the Triceps brachii
Radial
66
Four heads of the Triceps brachii and their respective origins
1. Long - caudal scapula
2. Lateral - tricipital line
3. Medial - lesser tubercle
4. Accessory - neck of humerus
67
The accessory head of the triceps brachii is deep to
the lateral head of the triceps brachii
68
Which two muscles of the forelimb work as antagonists? What do they do?
Biceps (flex) and Triceps (extend)
69
Which two muscles of the elbow work as synergistic muscles? What do they do?
Biceps and Brachialis, both flex the elbow
70
Antagonistic muscles have
opposing action
71
Synergistic muscles have
the same action
72
Supinator (origin/insertion and function)
O: Lateral epicondyle
I: Proximal 1/3 of radius
F: turns radius so palm turns up (ie. supinates)
73
Pronator teres (origin/insertion and function)
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Medial radius
F: turns paw ventral (ie. pronates)
74
Which nerve innervates the Supinator
Radial
75
Which nerve innervates the Pronator teres
Median
76
3 Extensors of the Carpus
-Extensor Carpi Radialis
-Common Digital Extensor
-Lateral Digital Extensor*
77
Which nerve innervates Dorsal Muscle Mass
Radial
78
Extensor Carpi Radialis (origin/insertion)
O: Lateral epicondylar crest
I: Dorsal metacarpals II and III
79
Common Digital Extensor (origin/insertion)
O: Lateral epicondyle
I: Dorsal distal phalanges II-V
80
Both the Extensor Capri Radialis and Common Digital Extensor are innervated by the
Radial Nerve
81
Extensors of the Digits are all held in place by the
Extensor Retinaculum
82
3 Extensors of the Digits
-Common Digital Extensor
-Lateral Digital Extensor*
-Abductor Pollicis Longus*
83
Which muscle extends digit I (dew claw)
Abductor Pollicis Longus*
84
5 Flexors of the Carpus
-Flexor Capri Radialis*
-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
-Ulnaris Lateralis*
-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor
85
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris has ___ heads called ____
Two heads:
-Humeral
-Ulnar
86
Which muscles are highlighted below? What is there function?
Orange: Extensor Carpi Radialis
Blue: Abductor Pollicis Longus
Yellow: Common Digital Extensor
Purple: Lateral Digital Extensor
Function: Extensors of the Carpus and Digits
87
Which nerve(s) innervates Ventral Muscel Mass
Ulnar and Median
88
Both the humeral and ulnar heads of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris insert at the
Accessory Carpal
89
The humeral head of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris originates at the
Medial epicondyle
90
The ulnar head of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris originates at the
Medial Olecranon
91
Which nerve innervates the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Ulnar Nerve
92
Superficial Digital Flexor (origin/insertion)
O: Medial Epicondyle
I: Palmar middle phalanx II-V
93
Deep Digital Flexor is innervated by
The median and ulnar nerves
94
Superficial Digital Flexor is innervated by the
Median nerve
95
The Deep Digital Flexor has ___ heads and they are ___
3 heads:
-Humeral
-Ulnar
-Radial
96
All three heads of the Deep Digital Flexor insert at the
Palmar distal phalanx II-V
97
What are the three heads of the Deep Digital Flexor and where are their origins?
Humeral Head: Medial epicondyle humerus
Radial Head: Radius
Ulnar Head: Ulna
98
The Manica Flexoria occurs at ___ and allows for ____
-each weight-bearing digit
-splits the Superficial Digital Flexor so that a "tunnel" is formed where the Deep Digital Flexor can continue
99
4 Flexors of the Digits:
-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor
-Interosseous*
-Lumbricales*
100
Which two muscles are between each digit
-Interosseous*
-Lumbricales*
101
Two muscles that are both flexors of the carpus and digits
-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor
