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VETS1021: Locomotion (Dog) > Forelimb Muscles > Flashcards

Forelimb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Attach the limb to the trunk to move the whole limb

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2
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

Move limb bones relative to one another

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3
Q

Forelimb muscles are classified by 6 types of movement

A

-flexors
-extensors
-rotators
-elevators
-protractors
-retractors

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4
Q

Protractor and Retractor muscles are

A

extrinsic

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5
Q

Flexors

A

reduction in the angle of the joint

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6
Q

Extensors

A

increasing the angle of the joint

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7
Q

Protractors

A

Moving the whole limb forwards (off the ground)

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8
Q

Rotators

A

Supination and Pronation

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9
Q

Elevators

A

Raise the limb

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10
Q

Retractors

A

Moving the whole limb backwards (on the ground)

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11
Q

Shoulder Support Muscles (7)

A

-Serratus ventralis
-Rhomboideus
-Superficial Pectoral
-Deep Pectoral
-Trapezius
-Brachiocephalicus
-Latisimus dorsi

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12
Q

Serratus ventralis (origin/insertion)

A

O: Cervical vertebrae and ribs
I: Fascies serrara of scapula

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13
Q

Rhomboideus Parts (3)

A

-Capital (smallest, least substantial)
-Cervical
-Thoracic

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14
Q

Cervical Rhomboideus (origin/insertion)

A

O: Median raphe of neck
I: Dorsal Scapula

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15
Q

Thoracic Rhomboideus (origin/insertion)

A

O: Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
I; Dorsal Scapula

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16
Q

Superficial Pectoral (origin/insertion)

A

O: Sternebrae 1-3
I: Greater tubercle of humerus

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17
Q

Deep Pectoral (origin/insertion)

A

O: Sternum
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus and medical brachial fascia

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18
Q

The Brachium is

A

the upper forelimb

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19
Q

Trapezius is (3)

A

-thin
-superficial to Rhomboideus
-has two parts (Cervical and Thoracic )

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20
Q

Cervical Trapezius (origin/insertion)

A

O: Median raphe of neck
I: Spine of scapula

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21
Q

Thoracic Trapezius (origin/insertion)

A

O: Supraspinous Ligament
I: Spine of scapula

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22
Q

Accessory (CN XI) Nerve innervates the

A

-Trapezius
-Cleidocervicalis
-Celidomastoideus

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23
Q

Remnant of the clavicle is

A

Clavicular Tendon

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24
Q

Brachiocephalicus has 3 parts:

A

-Cleidobrachialis
-Cleidocervicalis
-Cleidomastoideus

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25
Q

All three parts of the Brachiocephalicus originate at

A

Clavicular Tendon

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26
Q

Cleidobrachialis (origin/insertion)

A

O: Clavicular Tendon
I: Cranial humerus

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27
Q

Cleidocervicalis (origin/insertion)

A

O: Clavicular Tendon
I: Median raphe of neck

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28
Q

Cleidomastoideus (origin/insertion)

A

O: Clavicular Tendon
I: Mastoid process of skull

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29
Q

The flattest shoulder support muscle is the

A

Latissimus dorsi

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30
Q

The largest shoulder support muscle is the

A

Brachiocephalicus

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31
Q

Latissimus dorsi (origin/insertion)

A

O: Thoracic and Lumbar vertebral fascia
I: Proximal humerus

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32
Q

What are the three muscles highlighted

A

Green: Brachiocephalicus
Purple: Trapezius
Yellow: Deep Pectoral

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33
Q

What are the four shoulder support muscles highlighted below? What has been removed?

A

Orange: Rhomboideus
Purple: Serratus ventralis
Green: Latissimus dorsi
Yellow: Deep Pectoral
Removed: Trapezius

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34
Q

Protractors of the forelimb: (4)

A

-Brachiocephalicus
-Cervical and Capital Rhomboideus
-Superfical Pectoral
-Cervical Trapezius

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35
Q

Adduction

A

Moving the limb towards the midline of the body

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36
Q

Adductor of the forelimb

A

Superficial Pectoral

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37
Q

Abduction

A

Moving the limb away from the midline of the body

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38
Q

Abductors of the forelimb

A

-Deltoideus
-Cervical and Thoracic Trapezius

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39
Q

What is the MAIN abductor of the forelimb

A

Deltoideus

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40
Q

2 parts of the Deltoideus

A

-Acromial
-Spinal

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41
Q

The Deltoideus inserts at

A

Deltoid tuberosity

42
Q

Acromial Deltoideus (origin/insertion)

A

O: Acromion
I: Deltoid tuberosity

43
Q

Spinal Deltoideus (origin/insertion)

A

O: Spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity

44
Q

5 Retractors of the forelimb:

A

-Latissimus dorsi
-Rhomboideus (thoracic)
-Superficial Pectoral
-Deep Pectoral
-Trapezius (thoracic)

45
Q

2 Elevators of the forelimb:

A

-Trapezius
-Rhomboideus

46
Q

3 Flexors of the shoulder:

A

-Teres Major
-Deltoideus (acromial and spinal)
-Infraspinatus

47
Q

Teres Major (origin/insertion)

A

O: Caudal scapula
I: Teres tuberosity (major)

48
Q

Largest Flexor of the shoulder

A

Infraspinatus

49
Q

Infraspinatus (origin/insertion)

A

O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle

50
Q

Infraspinous fossa is

A

The large area on the lateral side of the scapula, immediately under the spine of the scapula

51
Q

What three muscle insert on the Greater Tubercle

A

-Superficial Pectoral
-Infraspinatus
-Supraspinatus

52
Q

Teres major is best seen on the

A

Medial aspect

53
Q

Two Extensors of the shoulder:

A

-Brachiocephalicus
-Supraspinatus

54
Q

The Musculocutaneous nerve innervates the

A

Biceps brachii

55
Q

Supraspinatus (origin/insertion)

A

O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle

56
Q

Supraspinous fossa is located on

A

The lateral part of the scapula, above the spine of scapula

57
Q

Suprascapular nerve innervates

A

-Infraspinatus
-Supraspinatus

58
Q

Two flexors of the elbow:

A

-Biceps brachii
-Brachialis*

59
Q

Which ventral muscle mass in reptiles became cranial in mammals

A

Biceps brachii

60
Q

Which dorsal muscle mass in reptiles became caudal and cranial in mammals

A

Triceps brachii

61
Q

Biceps brachii (origin/insertion)

A

O: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: Radial and Ulnar tuberosities

62
Q

Extensor of the elbow is

A

Triceps brachii

63
Q

Triceps brachii has ___ heads in the dog

A

four

64
Q

All heads of the Triceps brachii insert at the

A

Olecranon

65
Q

Which nerve innervates the Triceps brachii

A

Radial

66
Q

Four heads of the Triceps brachii and their respective origins

A
  1. Long - caudal scapula
  2. Lateral - tricipital line
  3. Medial - lesser tubercle
  4. Accessory - neck of humerus
67
Q

The accessory head of the triceps brachii is deep to

A

the lateral head of the triceps brachii

68
Q

Which two muscles of the forelimb work as antagonists? What do they do?

A

Biceps (flex) and Triceps (extend)

69
Q

Which two muscles of the elbow work as synergistic muscles? What do they do?

A

Biceps and Brachialis, both flex the elbow

70
Q

Antagonistic muscles have

A

opposing action

71
Q

Synergistic muscles have

A

the same action

72
Q

Supinator (origin/insertion and function)

A

O: Lateral epicondyle
I: Proximal 1/3 of radius
F: turns radius so palm turns up (ie. supinates)

73
Q

Pronator teres (origin/insertion and function)

A

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Medial radius
F: turns paw ventral (ie. pronates)

74
Q

Which nerve innervates the Supinator

A

Radial

75
Q

Which nerve innervates the Pronator teres

A

Median

76
Q

3 Extensors of the Carpus

A

-Extensor Carpi Radialis
-Common Digital Extensor
-Lateral Digital Extensor*

77
Q

Which nerve innervates Dorsal Muscle Mass

A

Radial

78
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis (origin/insertion)

A

O: Lateral epicondylar crest
I: Dorsal metacarpals II and III

79
Q

Common Digital Extensor (origin/insertion)

A

O: Lateral epicondyle
I: Dorsal distal phalanges II-V

80
Q

Both the Extensor Capri Radialis and Common Digital Extensor are innervated by the

A

Radial Nerve

81
Q

Extensors of the Digits are all held in place by the

A

Extensor Retinaculum

82
Q

3 Extensors of the Digits

A

-Common Digital Extensor
-Lateral Digital Extensor*
-Abductor Pollicis Longus*

83
Q

Which muscle extends digit I (dew claw)

A

Abductor Pollicis Longus*

84
Q

5 Flexors of the Carpus

A

-Flexor Capri Radialis*
-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
-Ulnaris Lateralis*
-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor

85
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris has ___ heads called ____

A

Two heads:
-Humeral
-Ulnar

86
Q

Which muscles are highlighted below? What is there function?

A

Orange: Extensor Carpi Radialis
Blue: Abductor Pollicis Longus
Yellow: Common Digital Extensor
Purple: Lateral Digital Extensor
Function: Extensors of the Carpus and Digits

87
Q

Which nerve(s) innervates Ventral Muscel Mass

A

Ulnar and Median

88
Q

Both the humeral and ulnar heads of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris insert at the

A

Accessory Carpal

89
Q

The humeral head of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris originates at the

A

Medial epicondyle

90
Q

The ulnar head of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris originates at the

A

Medial Olecranon

91
Q

Which nerve innervates the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Ulnar Nerve

92
Q

Superficial Digital Flexor (origin/insertion)

A

O: Medial Epicondyle
I: Palmar middle phalanx II-V

93
Q

Deep Digital Flexor is innervated by

A

The median and ulnar nerves

94
Q

Superficial Digital Flexor is innervated by the

A

Median nerve

95
Q

The Deep Digital Flexor has ___ heads and they are ___

A

3 heads:
-Humeral
-Ulnar
-Radial

96
Q

All three heads of the Deep Digital Flexor insert at the

A

Palmar distal phalanx II-V

97
Q

What are the three heads of the Deep Digital Flexor and where are their origins?

A

Humeral Head: Medial epicondyle humerus
Radial Head: Radius
Ulnar Head: Ulna

98
Q

The Manica Flexoria occurs at ___ and allows for ____

A

-each weight-bearing digit
-splits the Superficial Digital Flexor so that a “tunnel” is formed where the Deep Digital Flexor can continue

99
Q

4 Flexors of the Digits:

A

-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor
-Interosseous*
-Lumbricales*

100
Q

Which two muscles are between each digit

A

-Interosseous*
-Lumbricales*

101
Q

Two muscles that are both flexors of the carpus and digits

A

-Superficial Digital Flexor
-Deep Digital Flexor

VETS1021: Locomotion (Dog) (9 decks)

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