Nephrology

Question 1

eGFR in CKD

Answer 1

< 60 for over 3 months

Question 2

Treatment of CKD

Answer 2

ACE/ARB 
Binders (phosphate,Ca,calcitriol)
C
Desmopressin in hyperuricaemia 
EPO 
Iron supplements

Question 3

What do hyaline casts suggest?

Answer 3

Normal

Pre-renal cause

Question 4

What do RBC casts suggest?

Answer 4

Glomerulonephritis

Question 5

What do WBC casts suggest?

Answer 5

AIN

Infection

Question 6

What do muddy/brown casts suggest?

Answer 6

ATN

Question 7

What do fatty casts suggest?

Answer 7

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 8

Major cause of CKD?

Answer 8

DM

Question 9

What is the presentation of post strep glomerulonephritis?

Answer 9

Post viral URTI in children

Question 10

In which nephritic syndrome is C3 normal?

Answer 10

HSP

IgA nephropathy

Question 11

What is the triad of HSP?

Answer 11

Abdominal pain
Purpura
Haematuria

Question 12

General treatment of immune complex mediated nephritic syndromes

Answer 12

Supportive
+/- ACE
+/- GCS

Question 13

In which nephritic syndrome is C3 low?

Answer 13

Post strep GN
SLE
IE

Question 14

What is another name for Wegener’s?

Answer 14

Granulomatosis polyangitis

Question 15

What are 2 red flags for Wegener’s?

Answer 15

Lung lesion —> Hemoptysis
URTI

HTN
Haematuruia

Question 16

Presentation of eosinophilic granulomatosis polyangitis

Answer 16

Asthma
Sinusitis
Skin nodules
Peripheral neuropathy

with the nephritic sx

Question 17

What are the 2 conditions seen in anti GBM disease?

Answer 17

Alport’s

Goodpasture

Question 18

c ANCA positive nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 18

Granulomatosis with polyangitis

Question 19

pANCA positive nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 19

Microscopic polyangitis

Question 20

Symptoms of minimal change disease?

Answer 20

Sudden onset swelling

Child

Question 21

What is minimal change disease associated with?

Answer 21

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

NSAID use

Question 22

What is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with?

Answer 22

HIV, HBV, obesity, sickle cell disease

Heroin

Question 23

Treatment of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 23

Prednisolone

+/-ACE

Question 24

What are other conditions associated with Autosomal dominant PKD?

Answer 24

Mitral valve prolapse
Diverticulitis
Liver cysts
Aneurysms

Question 25

What does ESRD present with?

Answer 25

Volume overload
Electrolyte imbalance
High uric acid

Question 26

Which electrolytes are high in ESRD?

Answer 26

K+

PO4-

Question 27

Which electrolytes are low in ESRD?

Answer 27

Na2+
Ca2+
HCO3-

Question 28

Symptoms of high uric acid?

Answer 28

Wrist drop 
Foot drop 
PNS 
Itch 
bowel dysfunction 
Muscle cramps 
SOB