Nephrology Flashcards
eGFR in CKD
< 60 for over 3 months
Treatment of CKD
ACE/ARB Binders (phosphate,Ca,calcitriol) C Desmopressin in hyperuricaemia EPO Iron supplements
What do hyaline casts suggest?
Normal
Pre-renal cause
What do RBC casts suggest?
Glomerulonephritis
What do WBC casts suggest?
AIN
Infection
What do muddy/brown casts suggest?
ATN
What do fatty casts suggest?
Nephrotic syndrome
Major cause of CKD?
DM
What is the presentation of post strep glomerulonephritis?
Post viral URTI in children
In which nephritic syndrome is C3 normal?
HSP
IgA nephropathy
What is the triad of HSP?
Abdominal pain
Purpura
Haematuria
General treatment of immune complex mediated nephritic syndromes
Supportive
+/- ACE
+/- GCS
In which nephritic syndrome is C3 low?
Post strep GN
SLE
IE
What is another name for Wegener’s?
Granulomatosis polyangitis
What are 2 red flags for Wegener’s?
Lung lesion —> Hemoptysis
URTI
HTN
Haematuruia
Presentation of eosinophilic granulomatosis polyangitis
Asthma
Sinusitis
Skin nodules
Peripheral neuropathy
with the nephritic sx
What are the 2 conditions seen in anti GBM disease?
Alport’s
Goodpasture
c ANCA positive nephrotic syndrome?
Granulomatosis with polyangitis
pANCA positive nephrotic syndrome?
Microscopic polyangitis
Symptoms of minimal change disease?
Sudden onset swelling
Child
What is minimal change disease associated with?
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
NSAID use
What is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with?
HIV, HBV, obesity, sickle cell disease
Heroin
Treatment of nephrotic syndrome?
Prednisolone
+/-ACE
What are other conditions associated with Autosomal dominant PKD?
Mitral valve prolapse
Diverticulitis
Liver cysts
Aneurysms
What does ESRD present with?
Volume overload
Electrolyte imbalance
High uric acid
Which electrolytes are high in ESRD?
K+
PO4-
Which electrolytes are low in ESRD?
Na2+
Ca2+
HCO3-
Symptoms of high uric acid?
Wrist drop Foot drop PNS Itch bowel dysfunction Muscle cramps SOB
