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MCCEE > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pattern of bone in Paget’s disease?

A

Lamellar bone

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2
Q

What is the commonest cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Adenoma

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3
Q

What are the cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Renal insufficiency

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4
Q

What are the laboratory results of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Hypercalcemia

Hypophosphatemia

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5
Q

What is Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

Elevated serum cortisol

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6
Q

What is the commonest cause of Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

Hypersecretion of ACTH from pituitary adenoma

= CUshing’s Disease

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7
Q

How to investigate for CUshing’s Syndrome?

A

Overnight suppression dexamethasone test

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8
Q

What is acromegaly

A

Elevated growth hormone

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of acromegaly

A 
Bitemporal hemianopia 
Enlargement of the skull 
Hands and feet 
Large tongue 
Skin tag
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10
Q

Which diagnostic test is done for acromegaly?

A

IGF-1

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11
Q

What is the treatment of prolactinoma

A

Dopamine agonist: cabergoline

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12
Q

What is Diabetes insipidous?

A

dysfunction in ADH causing dilute urine

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of diabetes insipidus?

A

Central DI

Nephrogenic DI

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14
Q

What is central diabetes insipidus?

A

pituitary can’t make ADH because of past surgery, idiopathic, autoimmune, drugs…

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15
Q

What is nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

Collecting tubules dont respond to ADH

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16
Q

How is diabetes insidious diagnosed?

A

Water deprivation test = don’t let them drink water –> still get dilute urine

17
Q

What is SIADH?

A

Too much ADH = too much water being reabsorbed into the body

18
Q

How is SIADH diagnosed?

A

Serum hyponatremia (<135)
Osmolality of blood low (<280)
High urine osmolality: urine more concentrated (>100)
High urine sodium (> 40)

19
Q

What are the causes of SIADH?

A

Stress
Malignancy (lung, pancreas, lymphoma)
CNS disease (inflammation, hemorrhage, tumour)
Respiratory (TB, abscess, pneumonia, empyema)
Drugs SE
Chemotherapy agents (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, vinblastine)

20
Q

What is the treatment of SIADH?

A

Fluid restrict

Hypertonic solution if hyponatremia severe

21
Q

What is important to monitor when giving Hypertonic solution in the context of low hyponatremia

A

Central pontine demyelination

22
Q

What is Addison’s Disease?

A

Low cortisol production

23
Q

Benefit of fish oil?

A

Lower triglycerides

24
Q

Problem of fish oils?

A

Disrupt glucose control in diabetic patient

Pro-Arhythmic effect in CAD patient

25
Q

What are the criteria of metabolic syndrome?

A 
Waist Expansion 
Impaired Glucose 
Hypertension 
HDL low 
Trig High
26
Q

Hypoglycaemia treatment

A

D50W 50 mL (1 ampule) IV or 1 mg glucagon SC (if no IV available)
ƒ- may need ongoing glucose infusion once BG > 90 mg/dL (5 mmol/L)

27
Q

In a patient with elevated LDL or any form hyperlipidemia what is important to rule out?

A

DM
Hypothyroid
Obstructive liver disease
Chronic renal failure

28
Q

What is the optimal blood glucose range in a patient who is critically ill?

A

7.7-10

29
Q

How to calculate anion gap?

A

Na - (Cl + HCO3-)

30
Q

What is the key word in the symptoms of pheochromocytoma?

A

Paroxysmal

31
Q

How do you investigate for pheochromocytoma?

A

VMA and HVA in the urine collection test

32
Q

What is the treatment pheochromocytoma?

A
  1. Stabalise with alpha-blocker (phenoxybenzamine)
  2. Canse use beta blocker after
  3. Surgery
33
Q

How to investigate for hyperaldosteronism?

A

K+: Hypokalemia

Aldosterone-to-plasma renin activity ratio: high

34
Q

Which organs are involved in MEN 1?

A

3 P’s
Pancreas
Pituitary
Parathyroid

35
Q

What organs are involved in MEN 2A?

A

2P’s
Parathyroid
Pheochromocytoma
Medullary thyroid cancer

36
Q

What organs are involved in MEN 2B?

A

1 P
Pheochromocytoma
Neuroma
Medullary thyroid cancer

37
Q

Which gene is involved in MEN 2 cancers?

A

RET proto-oncogene

38
Q

What is the treatment of hyperkalaemia

A
  1. Calcium glutinate

2. Insulin / albuterol

MCCEE (16 decks)

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