Nephrology 7-9%

Question 1

Outline the features of pseudohyperkalaemia

Answer 1

Thrombocytosis, fragility syndrome, leucocytosis, acidosis, delayed separation

It is hyperK in dogs in the absence if renal dz
Breeds- Asian breeds (Shar Pei, Akita, Shiba, Jindo)

Breed related increased in intra RBC potassium and susequent release of K during RBC hemolysis when blood is collected or in transit to lab

Also in non Asian breeds in association with lymphoblastic anaemia - release of K from lymphocytes

Lab findings - mild to moderate hyperK, normocytic, hypochromic non regenerative anaemia and low MCHC

Question 2

Acid base was
- low pH
- low bicarb
- high pco2

A) mixed respiratory/metabollic acidosis
B) uncompendated resp acidosis
C) uncompensated metabollic acidosis

Answer 2

Mixed resp/ metabolic acidosis

Question 3

Featurws of uncompensated metabollic acidosis

Answer 3

Low pH
Low hco3-
High H+

Question 4

Urinary fractional excretion <1% is most consistent with what?

Answer 4

Dehydration (pre renal dz)

Question 5

K secretion in kidney is increased by what?

Answer 5

Increased flyid delivery to distal tubule

Question 6

GFR decreased

Answer 6

Epinephrine

Question 7

Which is an early indicator of acute nephrotoxicity

Answer 7

Tubular casts

Question 8

Polyuria in CKD is due to what mechanism

Answer 8

Solute diuresis (increased load per surviving nephron) ?

Question 9

Which of the following decreases GFR

Answer 9

Epinephrine

Question 10

What percentage of sodium is reabsorbed in proximal tubule ?

Answer 10

65%