Haematology 5-7% Flashcards
Which factors discourage platelet aggregation
NO, heparin, prostacyclin, PGE, PGD
A deficiency of which electrolyte is associated with hemolytic anaemia and resolution of a ketone crisis?
Phosphate (also see resuction of K, Na, Mg)
List the causes of PLT dysfunction
Liver failure
Uremia
DIC
Praneoplastic - multiple myeloma, other myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative
Infectious (Ehrichia, Anaplasma)
Drugs (aspirin!
What increases iron in the serum
Hemolysis ??
What do endothelil cells produce to cause leucocyte adhesions
Integrins
What carried copper in blood?
Ceruloplasmin
Which blood cell has the shortest half life
Neutrophil in humans
Eosinophil in dogs
List the factors that shift the ixygen-Hb dissociation curve to the right
Incr temp
Incr 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
Decr pH
Incr co2
Bohr effect = offloading of o2
What causes cyanosis ?
Anoxia - deoxygenated Hb is more prone to bluish discolouration and also produces vasoconstriction which makes it more evident
How do neutrophils destroy bacteria
- Primary granules - myeloperoxidase, BPI, defensins, cathepsins, lysosyme
- Secondary granules - lactoferryn, collagenase, lysozyme
- Respiratory burst enzymes
Neutrophil adhesion to endothelium is facilitated by what (rolling adhesions)
P and E selectins in endothelial cells
L selectin on neutrophil
Which of the following causes microcytosia before hypochromia
A) iron deficiency
B) folate deficiency
C) b12 deficiency
Iron deficiency
What do dendritic cells do
Stimulate lymphocytic differentiation
Able to activate naive T cells
Western blot measures what
Protein
Most iron is in what form?
Hb
