Nephrology Flashcards
Congo red staining is associated with what renal condition?
Amyloidosis
What is the triad of Wegeners Granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangitis)?
Upper respiratory tract involvement + Lower respiratory tract involvement + Renal involvement
Induction regime for Wegeners Granulomatosis?
Prednisolone + Cyclophosphamide
Maintenance therapy for Wegeners Granulomatosis?
Azathioprine/Methotrexate
Anti-gbm antibodies, glomerulonephritis, pulmonary haemorrhage. Tx includes plasmapheresis. Diagnosis?
Goodpasture’s Syndrome
Young Female develops acute renal failure after recent initiation of ACEi. ‘String of beads’ appearance in renal arteries.
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
What antibody is Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis associated with?
Anti-phospholipase A2
What type of kidney stones does Proteus Mirabilis infeciton predispose people to?
Struvite Kidney Stones
In patients with hypercalcuria and renal stones what medication should be prescribed to reduce recurrence?
Thiazide diuretics
How to remember which renal calculi are opaque and which ones are not?
OOOOOpaque ones all contain O (Phosphate, Stag Horn, Oxalate)
Radiolucent ones do not contain O (Urate + Xanthine)
Cystiene are semi-opaque and the C is like a half O
In renal transplant, which HLA is the most important to match?
DR (Graft loss in the first 6 months if not matched)
What is the inheritance pattern of Alport syndrome?
X-Linked Dominant
What is the most likely composition of a stag horn calculus?
Struvite
23F recent use of antibiotics. Low grade fever, malaise, eosinophilia. Diffuse maculopapular rash and widespread arthralgia. Urine analysis reveals sterile pyuria with eosinophils and white cell casts. AKI on bloods. Cause?
Acute interstitial nephritis
Alports syndrome is due to a defect in?
Type iV collagen
What are the 5 renal conditions which will cause low complement? (‘CLUMPS’)
Cyroglobulinemia + LUPUS + Membroproliferative GN + Post strep GN + Subacute bacterial endocarditis
What is the Ix of choice for reflux nephropathy?
Micturating Cystography
What is the most common type of nephritis in in SLE patients?
Diffuse Proliferative
What type of testicular tumour is related to a grossly elevated bHCG?
Seminoma
‘Bag of worms’ in the scrotum?
Varicocele
What is the triad in renal cell carcinoma?
Hypertension (renin overproduction) + Hypercalcaemia (Parathyroid hormone overproduction) + Haematuria
Raised ANION GAP metabolic acidosis? (MUDPILES)
Methanol + Uraemia + DKA + Paraldehyde + Iron Isoniazid + Ethylene Glycerol + Salicylate
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis? (HARD UP)
hyperalimentation + Acetazolamide + Renal tubular acidosis + Diarrhoea + Pancreatic Fistula
Recurrent sinusitis, upper respiratory tract signs and nephritic picture. differential diagnosis?
Granulomatosis with polyangitis
What is the most common and severe form of renal disease in SLE?
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
Triad of: haematuria, proteinuria, basket weave appearance on microscopy and bg of renal failure
Alport’s Syndrome
where is foot process effacement seen?
Nephrotic syndromes
Linear deposition of IgG on basement membrane
Anti-glomerular basement syndrome
thickened basement membranes are typically seen in
Alport
IgA vasculitis biopsy findings?
mesangial deposition of IgA
