Nephrology

Question 1

Congo red staining is associated with what renal condition?

Answer 1

Amyloidosis

Question 2

What is the triad of Wegeners Granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangitis)?

Answer 2

Upper respiratory tract involvement + Lower respiratory tract involvement + Renal involvement

Question 3

Induction regime for Wegeners Granulomatosis?

Answer 3

Prednisolone + Cyclophosphamide

Question 4

Maintenance therapy for Wegeners Granulomatosis?

Answer 4

Azathioprine/Methotrexate

Question 5

Anti-gbm antibodies, glomerulonephritis, pulmonary haemorrhage. Tx includes plasmapheresis. Diagnosis?

Answer 5

Goodpasture’s Syndrome

Question 6

Young Female develops acute renal failure after recent initiation of ACEi. ‘String of beads’ appearance in renal arteries.

Answer 6

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Question 7

What antibody is Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis associated with?

Answer 7

Anti-phospholipase A2

Question 8

What type of kidney stones does Proteus Mirabilis infeciton predispose people to?

Answer 8

Struvite Kidney Stones

Question 9

In patients with hypercalcuria and renal stones what medication should be prescribed to reduce recurrence?

Answer 9

Thiazide diuretics

Question 10

How to remember which renal calculi are opaque and which ones are not?

Answer 10

OOOOOpaque ones all contain O (Phosphate, Stag Horn, Oxalate)
Radiolucent ones do not contain O (Urate + Xanthine)
Cystiene are semi-opaque and the C is like a half O

Question 11

In renal transplant, which HLA is the most important to match?

Answer 11

DR (Graft loss in the first 6 months if not matched)

Question 12

What is the inheritance pattern of Alport syndrome?

Answer 12

X-Linked Dominant

Question 13

What is the most likely composition of a stag horn calculus?

Answer 13

Struvite

Question 14

23F recent use of antibiotics. Low grade fever, malaise, eosinophilia. Diffuse maculopapular rash and widespread arthralgia. Urine analysis reveals sterile pyuria with eosinophils and white cell casts. AKI on bloods. Cause?

Answer 14

Acute interstitial nephritis

Question 15

Alports syndrome is due to a defect in?

Answer 15

Type iV collagen

Question 16

What are the 5 renal conditions which will cause low complement? (‘CLUMPS’)

Answer 16

Cyroglobulinemia + LUPUS + Membroproliferative GN + Post strep GN + Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 17

What is the Ix of choice for reflux nephropathy?

Answer 17

Micturating Cystography

Question 18

What is the most common type of nephritis in in SLE patients?

Answer 18

Diffuse Proliferative

Question 19

What type of testicular tumour is related to a grossly elevated bHCG?

Answer 19

Seminoma

Question 20

‘Bag of worms’ in the scrotum?

Answer 20

Varicocele

Question 21

What is the triad in renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 21

Hypertension (renin overproduction) + Hypercalcaemia (Parathyroid hormone overproduction) + Haematuria

Question 22

Raised ANION GAP metabolic acidosis? (MUDPILES)

Answer 22

Methanol + Uraemia + DKA + Paraldehyde + Iron Isoniazid + Ethylene Glycerol + Salicylate

Question 23

Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis? (HARD UP)

Answer 23

hyperalimentation + Acetazolamide + Renal tubular acidosis + Diarrhoea + Pancreatic Fistula

Question 24

Recurrent sinusitis, upper respiratory tract signs and nephritic picture. differential diagnosis?

Answer 24

Granulomatosis with polyangitis

Question 25

What is the most common and severe form of renal disease in SLE?

Answer 25

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

Question 26

Triad of: haematuria, proteinuria, basket weave appearance on microscopy and bg of renal failure

Answer 26

Alport’s Syndrome