Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis
Pathophysiology?
Acute infection (skin, pulmonary, GI)?
Diagnosis?
Treatment?

A

human parasitic nematode worm found in soil and infects via the skin
Skin -> larva currens. Pulmonary -> Loeffler’s syndrome (transient pulmonary infiltrates, cough). GI -> Abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation
Stool microscopy (Larvae)
Ivermectin

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2
Q

What medication is indicated in non-falciparum malaria to destroy liver hypnozoites and prevent relapse

A

Primaquine

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2
Q

Gastroenteritis in student who is eating rewarmed rice causative agent?

A

Bacillus Cereus

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3
Q

If CD4 count is less than? life long prophylaxis is needed against toxoplasmosis?

A

<200

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3
Q

Toxoplasmosis
Causative agent?
Diagnosis?
Tx?

A

Toxoplasma gondii
Serology
Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine + folinic acid

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of integrase inhibitors (‘Gravirs’)

A

blocks the enzyme that inserts the viral genome into the DNA of the host cell

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5
Q

Mechanism of HIV drugs maraviroc and enfuvirtide?

A

Bind to coreceptors necessary for HIV entrance into CD4+ cells

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6
Q

MOI of Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) (e.g. nevirapine, efavirenz)

A

Block HIV reverse transcriptase thereby preventing the HIV virion from replicating

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7
Q

MOI Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (e.g. zidovudine (AZT), abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, and tenofovir)

A

Inhibit reverse transcription by being incorporated into the growing viral DNA strand and preventing further addition of nucleotides

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8
Q

MOI antiretroviral inhibitors HIV drug class (indinavir, nelfinavir, and ritonavir)

A

Binding to the catalytic site of the HIV protease, thereby preventing the cleavage of viral polyprotein precursors into mature, functional proteins

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9
Q

Teenager swam in lake in asia. suffered self resolving itchy rash on legs. now has dysuria and frank haematuria. Eosinophilia on bloods.
Diagnosis?
Tx?

A

schistosoma haematobium (schistosomiasis/bilharzia)
praziquantel

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10
Q

Hyposplenism or post splenectomy when should patient receive doses?
-pneumococcal, Haemophilus type B and meningococcus type C
- influenza vaccine
-Meningitis ACWY + Further hepatitis B

A

-14 days post splenectomy
-Every winter/autumn
-2 months post splenectomy

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11
Q

normal vaginal pH (above 4.5), the presence of clue cells on microscopy and/or a positive whiff tes

A

Bacterial vaginosis - overgrowth of predominately Gardnerella vaginalis

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12
Q

Disseminated gonococcal infection triad

A

tenosynovitis, migratory polyarthritis, dermatitis

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13
Q

Features
vaginal discharge: offensive, yellow/green, frothy
vulvovaginitis
strawberry cervix
pH > 4.5
in men is usually asymptomatic but may cause urethritis

Investigation
microscopy of a wet mount shows motile trophozoites

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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13
Q

Treatment of immunocompromised patients with cryptosporidiosis

A

Nitazoxanide

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14
Q

deep, painful genital ulcer and is often associated with inguinal lymphadenopathy in sexually active man

A

Chancroid

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15
Q

High fevers, pharyngitis, dyspnoea, cough, and a grey pseudomembrane covering the tonsils are typical signs and symptoms of

A

Diphtheria

16
Q

flu like illness → brief remission→ followed by jaundice and haematemesis in returned fever from tropics?

A

Yellow Fever

17
Q

Cryptosporidium can be diagnosed by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining of stool to reveal

A

Red Cysts

18
Q

Bloody Diarrhoea (Campylobacter) tx?

A

Macrolide

19
Q

Bloody diarrhoea (Amoebiasis ) Tx?

A

Metro + diloxanide furoate

20
Q

Bloody diarrhoea (Salmonella ) Tx?

A

Ciprofloxacilin

21
Q

Bloody diarrhoea (Shigella ) Tx?

A

ciprofloxacin

22
Q

Bloody diarrhoea E.Haemorrhagic E coli Tx?

A

Supportive

23
Q

staphylococci + streptococci (including enterococci)
Gram Positive or gram negative cocci?

A

Gram positive Cocci

24
Q

Infection with Schistosoma haematobium is most strongly associated with what cancer?

A

Squamous cell bladder cancer

24
Q

ChlamydiaTx
1st line?
2nd Line?

A

1)Doxycycline
2) Azithromycin

25
Q

Gonorrhoea Tx
1st line?
2nd line?

A

1) IM Ceftriaxone
2) Ciprofloxacilin

26
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
-Causative agent?
-Primary stage?
-Secondary stage?
-First line treatment?

A

-Chlamydia trachomatis
-Painless genital ulcer which heals
-Painful lymphadenopathy
-Doxycycline

27
Q

Chancroid
-Causative bacterium?
-Ulcer?
-Lymphadenopathy?
-Appearance on gram stain?
-Culture media?
-Tx?

A

-Haemophilus ducreyi
-Painful, ragged edges
-Painful
-‘School of fish’
-Chocolate agar
-Azithromycin

28
Q

Syphilis
-Organism?
-Primary?
-Secondary?
-Latent?
-Tx?

A

-Treponema pallidum
-Painless indurated genital ulcer + painless lymphadenopathy
-Generalised maculopapular rash
-Asymptomatic serologically positive
-Benzathine penicillin

29
Q

MOA of aciclovir?

A

Inhibition of viral DNA Polymerase

30
Q

Bacterium responsible for Cat Scratch Disease?

A

Bartonella henselae

31
Q

Bacterium responsible for whooping cough?

A

Bordetella pertussis

32
Q

MOA of tetanus toxin?

A

blocks the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine resulting in continuous motor neuron activity

33
Q

What organism can present with culture negative endocarditis?

A

Coxiella burnetii

34
Q

MOA: inhibit the enzyme squalene epoxidase, which results in inhibition of ergosterol synthesis required for several fungal cells progresses
-Leads to cellular death and deranged lfts with abdominal pain

A

Terbinafine

35
Q

What would the glucose CSF content be in mumps induced encephalitis?

A

Low

35
Q

Fever and the presence of a eschar in a patient returning from South East Asia is strongly suggestive of ? and treated with ?

A

scrub typhus (caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi)
Doxycycline

36
Q

Why does malaria caused by P. knowlesi lead to the highest parasite count?

A

shortest erythrocytic replication cycle

37
Q

MOA Macrolides

A

inhibit the 50S subunit of ribosomes, inhibiting translocation

38
Q
A