Nephrology

Question 1

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Answer 1

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited condition that causes small fluid-filled sacs called cysts to develop in the kidneys. Causes increasing renal impairment. Potential clinical sign includes hepatomegaly.

Question 2

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome

Answer 2

inflammation and damage of the samll blood vessels of the kidneys which can cause larger clots. The clots can clog the nephron and cause kidney failure.

Sx - paleness, SOB, fatigue, decreased urination, haematuria, raised BP, oedema

Question 3

Nephrotic Syndrome

Answer 3

glomeruli affected by inflammation allows albumin, immunoglobulins, and antithrombin into the urine. Loss of albumin means oncotic pressure can’t be maintained and oedemas occur
Tx - steroids

Question 4

Nephritic Syndrome

Answer 4

Inflammation of the glomerular basement membrane

Sx - haematuria, HTN, proteinuria

Tx - diuretics, anti-HTNs

Question 5

nephrolithiasis

Answer 5

Kidney stones