Endocrinology

Question 1

Addisonian crisis

Answer 1

Low blood sugar, hypotension and high potassium and low sodium caused by adrenal insufficiency. Can be prevented by treating Addisons disease with steroids

Question 2

Acromegaly

Answer 2

excess of growth factor which in adolescents can cause gigantism. In adults, sx include large hands/feet, headaches, sweating, thinckened skin, decreased libido, and deepened voice

Question 3

De Quervains Thyroiditis

Answer 3

subacute swelling of the thyroid causing hyperthyroidism. Usually caused by viral infection. Often subsides in a few days and sx include high temp, pain in jaw, neck or ear.

Question 4

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 4

Fluid dysregulation caused by ADH problems. Sx include thirst, tiredness and frequent urination, BLOOD SUGARS UNAFFECTED.

Central DI = disrupted ADH secretion
Nephrogenic DI = Inability for the kidneys to respond to ADH

Both types call fluid overloads and complications include dehydration and fluid imbalance

Question 5

Graves Disease

Answer 5

Autoimmune condition which attacks the thyroid gland and causes it to be overactive
Treatment: radioactive iodine therapy, anti-thyroid medication, beta blockers, surgery

Question 6

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 6

increase bone reabsorption, increase calcium levels and decrease phosphate levels

Question 7

Short Synacthen Test

Answer 7

Tests if the adrenal glands are secreting sufficient cortisol. Test cortisol levels 30 mins after IV SYNthetic ACTH in an investigation for Addisons Disease