Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Costochondritis

Answer 1

Pulled intercostal muscles. Bandages not advised, important to take deep breaths so as not to risk chest infection

Question 2

Plantar Fasciitis

Answer 2

inflammation of your plantar fascia which connects your heel to your toes.

Sx - heel tenderness, pain after resting that eases with movement, difficulty raising toes off the floor
Tx - ice, elevation, comfortable shoes and stretching exercises

Question 3

Pseudogout

Answer 3

Presents similar to gout often appearing in multiple joints like the knee or elbow

Question 4

Intracapsular hip fracture

Answer 4

Intracapsular neck of femur fractures (#NOF) occur within the capsule of the hip joint
The blood supply to femoral head travels in a retrograde direction via the capsule. As such, any fracture within the capsule could be likely to damage this blood supply

Risk of avascular necrosis so replacement of the femoral head is often advised

Question 5

Extracapsular hip fracture

Answer 5

Extra capsular neck of femur fractures (#NOF) are fractures of the neck of the femur which occur outside the capsule of the hip joint. As such the risks of avascular necrosis of the femoral head or no longer a concern
These can be described as intertrochanteric (i.e. along a line that connects the lesser and greater trochanters of the femur) or subtrochanteric (below the level of the lesser trochanter)
A fracture must be no more than 5cm below the lesser trochanter, otherwise it is treated as a femoral shaft fracture

Treatment: Usually a sliding or dynamic hip screw (DHS) and plate system following closed reduction on a traction table in theatre