Neoplasia Part II Flashcards
What are the types of tumors of the soft tissue?
- Lipoma
- Tumors of nerve tissue
- Tumors of muscle
- Vascular tumors
What is a lipoma?
Benign tumor of mature fat cells
Most commonly located on the buccal mucosa and vestibule
What are the tumors of nerve tissue?
- Neurofibroma and schwannoma
- Granular cell tumor
- Gongenital epulis
What are neurofibroma and schwannoma?
- Benign tumors derived from schwann cells in nerve tissue
- Tongue is most common oral location
- Can occasionally cause pain
- Neurofibroma derived from schwann cells
- Schwannoma derived from schwann cells and perineural fibroblast
What are granular cell tumors?
- Benign tumor composed of large cells w/ a granular cytoplasm
- Most often on the tongue followed by the buccal mucosa
- Mostly in adult females
What is congenital epulis?
- Present at birth
- Benign neoplasm composed of cells closely resembling those seen in the granular cell tumor
- Appears as a sessile or pedunculated mass on the gingiva
- Almost always in women
What is the main difference btw a neurofibroma and a schwannoma?
Neurofibroma is composed of schwanna cells and perineural fibroblast, schwannoma is just composed of schwann cells
What is the most common place you would find a neurfibroma and schwannoma?
The tongue
Which tumor of the nerve tissue is congenital?
Congenital epulis
What is a granular cell tumor composed of?
Cranular cytoplasm
What are the two types of muscle tumors?
- Extremely uncommon benign tumors
- Rhabdomyoma- striated muscle
- Leiomyoma- smooth muscle
What are the types of vascular tumors?
- Hemangioma
- Lymphangioma
- Malignant vascular tumors
What is a hemangioma?
- Benign proliferation of capillaries
- Capillary hemangiom= contains numerous small capillaries
- Cavernous hemangioma= contains larger blood vessels
What is the most common type of hemangioma?
Capillary hemangioma
Characteristics of hemangioma
Most are present at birth
Most occur in the head and neck area
Tongue is most common intraoral location
More common in women
What is a lymphangioma?
- Benign tumor of lymphatic vessels
- Most present at birth
- Half arise on the head and neck
- Most common oral location is the tongue
- Ill-defined mass w/ pebly surface
Malignant vascular tumor
Kaposi sarcoma
What is kaposi sarcoma?
- Malignant vascular tumor
- Occurs on skin and oral mucosa
- Typically seen in older men
- More aggressive form seen in HIV
- Seen as purple macules, plaques or exophytic tumors
- Most commonly on the hard palate and gingiva
Tumors of melanin-producing cells
Melanotic nevi
Malignant melanoma
What are melanocytic nevus?
- Developmental tumor of melanocytes
- Can arise on skin or oral mucosa
- Tan-to-brown macules or papules
- More in women
What are the ABCDE’s of documentation and identifying?
A= Asymmetry
B= Border
C= Color
D= Diameter
E= Evolving
What is malignant melanoma?
- Malignant tumor of melanocytes
- Most due to prolonged exposure to sunlight
- Rapidly enlarging blue to black mass
- Aggressive
- Usually on palate and maxillary gingiva
What is the most common place to see a hemangioma?
On teh head and neck area.
Most common intraoral area would be the tongue
What would a hemangioma look like clinically?
Since it is vascularly derived it would have a bluish-purplish hue and is often raised
Lymphangioma is a benign tumor of what vessel?
The lymphatic vessels
Name a laignant vascular tumor often associated w/ HIV patients?
Kaposi sarcoma
What is a common used name for a melanotic nevi?
Mole
Why is it important to document the color, size and shape of a mole?
Any type of change could indicate a malignant verion or a melanoma
What are the tumors of bone and cartilage?
Osteoma
Osteosarcoma
Tumors of cartilage
What is an osteoma?
- Asymptomatic, benign tumor composed of benign compact bone
- Component of Gardner Syndrome
What is osteosarcoma?
- Bone cancer that begins in the cells that form bones
- Malignant tumor of bone forming tissue
- Most common primary malignant tumor of bone in pts less than 40 years old
- Twice as frequent in mandible than maxilla
- More common in men
- Radiographically: Destructive, poorly defined lesion. Sunburst pattern
5 year life expectancy in 20% of pts
Tumors of cartilage
Chondroma= benin tumor of cartilage
Chondrosarcoma= malignant tumor of cartilage
5 year life expectancy in 30% of pts
Tumors of blood forming tissues
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Multiple myeloma
Characteristics of leukemia
Acute most common in children and young adults
* Is a proliferation of immature white blood cells
Chronic most common in middle-aged adults
* Proliferation of mature white blood cells
What is lymphoma (non-hodgkins lymphoma)?
- Malignant tyumor of lymphoid tissue
- Presents as gradual enlargement of lymph nodes
- Most common intraorally on the tonsils
- Usually in adults and more common in men
What is multiple myeloma?
- Systematic, malignant proliferation of plasma cells (healthy ones help you fight infection by making antibodies that recognize and attack germs)
- Mandible more often affected than maxilla
- Very poor prognosis
What is the most frequent intraoral site for a metastatic tumor? How does it appear radiogrphically?
- The mandible
- Lesions are usually poorly defined and radiolucent
- Prognosis for people with tumors in the jaw is poor
The patient diagnosed with osteoma would have symptoms or no symptoms?
No symptoms
What i sthe name of a cancere that begins in the cells that form bone?
Osteosarcoma
Leukemia is an overproduction of what atypical cell?
White blood cells
What would be a clinical symptom often seen in patients diagnosed with lymphoma?
Enlarged tonsils
Which cancerous lesion is associated w/ the proliferation of plasma cells?
Multiple myeloma
What does the term metastatic tumor indicate?
Indicates that the cancer has spread from the primary location to other sites in the body
What condition is seen here?
Metastatic tumor
What condition is seen here?
Lymphoma
What condition is seen here?
Chondroma or chondrosarcoma
What condition is seen here?
Osteosarcoma (sunburst)
What condition is seen here?
Osteoma (benign)
What condition is seen here?
Malignant melanoma
What is seen here?
Melanocytic nevus
What condition is seen here?
Malignant vascular tumors
What condition is seen here?
Lymphangioma
What condition is seen here?
Hemangioma
What condition is seen here?
Neurofibroma or schwannoma
What condition is seen here?
Lipoma
