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241 Oral Pathology > Inflammation and Repair Part II > Flashcards

Inflammation and Repair Part II Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of injury to oral soft tissue

A

***Aspirin/Phenol/Chemical burns
Meth use
Lesions from cocaine use
Self-induced injuries
Hematoma
Traumatic ulcer
Frictional keratosis
Linea Alba
Nicotinic Stomatitis
Tobacco pouch keratosis
Traumatic neuroma
Amalgam tattoo
Melanosis
Solar cheilitis
Mucocele
Saliolith

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2
Q

How is “meth mouth” categorized?

A

Rapid destruction of teeth as a result of:
-Meth acid content
-Decreased salivary flow
-Cravings for high sugar beverages
-Lack of oral hygiene

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3
Q

Characteristics of aspirin burns

A

Tissue becomes necrotic and white
Surface may slough off leaving a painful ulcer
Usually heals in 7 to 21 days

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4
Q

What are some dental materials that may cause chemical burns

A

Phenol- cavity sterilizing agent and cauterizing agent
Sodium hypochlorite
Ferric sulfate
Eugenol
Formocresol

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5
Q

How may electric burns occur in the mouth?

A

When infants or young children chew on electrical cords
Can cause permanent disfigurement and scarring
Treatment includes oral surgery, orthodontics and plastic surgery

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6
Q

What causes thermal burns?

A

Hot food- soup or cheese on pizza

Also from products containing hydrogen peroxide or eugenol

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7
Q

Lesions associated with cocaine use

A

Lesions on midline of hard palate associated with smoking crack cocaine- ulcers to keratotic lesions

Necrotic ulcers of tongue and epiglottis seen in users who freebase

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8
Q

What are some lesions that can occur as self-induced injuries?

A

Chronic lip, cheek or tongue biting
Trauma to gingiva from fingernails

Range from ulceration to epithelial hyperplasia to hyperkeratosis

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9
Q

What can lead to traumatic ulcers?

A

Cheek, lip or tongue biting
Denture irritation
Mucosal injury
Overzealous brushing

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10
Q

What is a traumatic granuloma?

A

Results from persistent trauma
Appears as a hards, raised lesion
Heals rapidly after biopsy

May resemble squamous cell carcinoma

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11
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

Accumulation of blood within tissue as a result of trauma

Frequently seen in buccal or labial mucosa

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12
Q

What is frictional keratosis?

A

Form of hyperkeratosis
Caused by chronic rubbing or friction against and oral mucosal surface

Opaque and white- resembles a callus
Treatment includes removing the cause of friction- must be differentiated from idiopathic leukoplakia

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13
Q

What is nicotine stomatitis?

A

Benign lesion associated with pipe, cigar or cigarette smoking
Initially appears as erythema
Increases in opacity as keratinization occurs
Raised red areas occur at openings of ducts and salivary glands

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14
Q

Characteristics of smokeless tobacco keratosis

A

White lesion located where chewing tobacco is placed, most often in mucobuccal fold
Early= granular/wrinkled
Long standing= Opaque white and corrugated

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15
Q

What is a traumatic neuroma?

A

Lesion caused by injury to a peripheral nerve

Treatment is surgical excision

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16
Q

What are palisaded encapsulated neuroma (PEN)?

A

Benign lesion presenting as a mucosal nodule- painless
Well circumscribed and contains nerve tissue surrounded by fibrous CT

Reactive hyperplastic lesion

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17
Q

When can amalgam tattoos occur?

A

During placement or removal of amalgam restorations or during extractions

Most common on the gingiva or edentulous alveolar ridge

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18
Q

What is melanosis?

A

Normal physiologic pigmentation of oral mucosa
-Can be genetic
-Or as a result of inflammation

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19
Q

What is solar cheilitis? (actinic cheilitis)

A

Breakdown of tissue of the lips caused by sun exposure
-lips are dry and cracked
-vermillion border is pale

Alcohol and tobacco use can increase risk of squamous cell carcinoma

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20
Q

What is a mucocele?

A

Lesion formed when a salivary duct is severed and mucous salivary gland secretion spills into adjacent CT
-Fluid-filled and cyst-like
Not a true cyst

21
Q

What is a ranula?

A

Unilateral mucocele-like lesion that forms on the floor of the mouth

Associated w/ submandibular and sublingual ducts

22
Q

What is a sialolith?

A

Salivary gland stone

23
Q

What is necrotizing sialometaplasia?

A

Benign condition of salivary glands
-Moderately painful swelling/ulceration
-Thought to result from a blockage of blood supply resulting in salivary gland necrosis

24
Q

What is acute and chronic sialadenitis?

A

Painful swelling of salivary gland caused by obstruction

25
Q

Examples of reactive connective tissue hyperplasia

A

Pyogenic granuloma
Giant cell granuloma
Irritation fibroma
Denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia
Papillary hyperplasia of the palate
Gingival enlargement
Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis

26
Q

What does reactive connective tissue hyperplasia consist of?

A

Proliferating, exuberant granulation tissue and hyperplastic fibrous CT

27
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Proliferation of CT containing numerous BV as a result of trauma

Not a true granuloma

28
Q

Appearance of pyogenic granuloma

A

Ulcerated and soft on palpation
Bleeds easily
Dark red to purple
Elevated- sessile or pedunculated
Usually on gingiva
Varies in size

In pregnant women, called pregnancy tumor

29
Q

What is peripheral giant cell granuloma?

A

A lesion that contains many multinucleated giant cells, well-vascularized connective tissue, RBCs, and chronic inflammatory cells

Resembles pyogenic granuloma

30
Q

What is peripheral ossifying fibroma?

A

Exophytic lesion usually emanating from the interdental papilla

31
Q

What is the most commonly found mass on the gingiva? What is it caused by?

A

Fibroma

Caused by trauma

32
Q

How do fibromas appear?

A

Broad based, exophytic lesion composed of dense, scar-like CT w/ few blood vessels

33
Q

How does denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia occur?

A

From ill-fitting dentures
Occurs in elongated folds of tissue adjacent to the denture

34
Q

What is inflammatory hyperplasia of the palate?

A

Induced by dentures

Appears on palatal mucosa and covered by multiple erythematous papillary projections. “cobblestones”

35
Q

What is gingival enlargement?

A

Increase in bulk of free and attached gingiva, especially interdental papilla

Rounded margins, color variations. Generalized or localized

36
Q

What causes gingival enlargement?

A

Local irritants
Hormonal changes
Drugs
Hereditary conditions
Idiopathic factors
Leukemia

37
Q

What is chronic hyperplastic pulpitis?

A

Excessive proliferation of chronically inflamed dental pulp tissue
-Occurs in teeth with large, open carious lesions often in molars
-Usually asymptomatic

38
Q

Types of inflammatory periapical lesions

A

Periapical abscess
Dental or periapical granuloma
Radicular cysts
Resorption of teeth
Focal sclerosing osteomyelitis
Alveolar osteitis (dry socket)

39
Q

What can result from caries or trauma?

A

Inflammation
Infection
Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis
Necrosis of the pulp

40
Q

What part of the tooth anatomy allows inflammation to begin in pulp and extend to the periapical area?

A

Accessory canals on the lateral portion of root

41
Q

How are periapical abscesses characterized?

A

Purulent exudate surrounded by CT containing neutrophils and lymphocytes
-Severe pain
-Tooth may extrude from socket
-May or may not test positive w/ electric pulp testing

42
Q

Why do fistulas form?

A

As a way for purulent exudate to be drained

43
Q

What is a periapical granuloma?

A

Localized mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue that forms at the opening of the pulp canal, generally at the apex of a non-vital tooth root

44
Q

Characteristics of periapical granulomas

A

-Chronic process
-Most are asymptomatic
-May be sensitive to pressure or percussion
-Tooth may be slightly extruded

45
Q

What are radicular cysts?

A

True epithelium lined cyst
-Associated w/ non-vital tooth
-Most common oral cyst
-Result of proliferation of rest of Malassez
-Usually asymptomatic

46
Q

What are residual cysts?

A

Form after tooth extraction and all or part of radicular cyst is left behind

47
Q

What are some causes of external tooth resorption?

A

Inflammation
Pressure
Reimplantation
Idiopathic

48
Q

Causes of internal root resorption

A

Associated with inflammatory response in the pulp or idiopathic reason

49
Q

How is tooth resorption treated?

A

If root is not perforatied, calcium hydroxide is placed and endodontic treatment is performed to attempt to save the tooth

If root is perforated it must be removed

241 Oral Pathology (13 decks)

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