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241 Oral Pathology > Intro to Oral Path > Flashcards

Intro to Oral Path Flashcards

1
Q

What is a bulla?

A

Fluid filled, well circumscribed, elevated lesions measuring more than 5mm in diameter

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2
Q

What is a lobule?

A

Segment or lobe that is part of a whole– sometimes appear fused together

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3
Q

What is a macule?

A

Flat area that is pigmented differently than the surrounding tissue

Ex: Freckle

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4
Q

What is a papule?

A

Small circumscribed lesion usually less than 1cm. Elevated above the surrounding tissue

Ex: Dermatitis is the most common cause of this

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5
Q

What are pustules?

A

Various sized circumscribed lesions containing pus

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6
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Small elevated lesion less than 1cm that contains serous fluid

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7
Q

What does pedunculated mean?

A

Attached by a stem-like or stalk-like base, similar to a mushroom

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8
Q

What does sessile mean?

A

Describes the base of a lesion that is broad or flat and not stem-like

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9
Q

What is a nodule?

A

A palpable, solid lesion up to 1cm and found in soft tissue

Can occur above, level with or beneath the skin

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10
Q

What is palpation?

A

Evaluation of a lesion by feeling it with the fingers to evaluate texture of the area

Descriptive words include: soft, firm, semi-firm and fluid-filled. These can also describe the consistency of the lesion

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11
Q

What are the most frequent colors used to describe a lesion?

A

Red, pink, salmon, white, brown, black, blue-black and gray

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12
Q

What is erythema?

A

Abnormal redness of the mucosa or gingiva

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13
Q

What is leukodema?

A

Abnormal pallor of the mucosa or gingiva (paleness)

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14
Q

What is erythroplakia?

A

Describes and oral lesion that appears as a smooth red patch or granular, red and velvety patch

Less common than leukoplakia. Is often squamous cell carcinoma

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15
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

Term for white, plaque-like lesion on the oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease

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16
Q

What tools do we use to measure lesions?

A

For lesions under 1cm (10mm) we use a probe
Larger than that we would use a small ruler

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17
Q

What vocab terms might we use to describe the texture of a lesion?

A

Corrugated (wrinkled)
Fissured
Papillary
Smooth
Rough
Folded

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18
Q

What are some radiographic terms used to describe lesions?

A

Coalescence
Diffuse
Multilocular
Radiolucent
Radiopaque

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19
Q

What is coalescence?

A

The process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse, to make one

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20
Q

What does diffuse mean?

A

Describes a lesion with borders that are not well defined

Makes it impossible to detect exact parameters

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21
Q

What does multilocular mean?

A

A leasion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area

Many lobes or parts that are fused together

May resemble soap bubbles

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22
Q

What does radiolucent mean?

A

Describes the black or dark areas on a radiograph

Less dense areas of tissue will appear radiolucent (pulp chambers/canals)

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23
Q

What does radiopaque mean?

A

Describes light or white areas on a radiograph

The more dense a structure, the lighter or whiter it will appear

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24
Q

What is root resorption?

A

Radiographically the apex of a tooth will appear shortened, blunted or irregularly shaped

Occurs as a response to stimuli: ex. trauma, tumor, cyst

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25
What is external root resportion?
Occurs from tissue outside of the tooth such as the PDL
26
How does internal root resorption occur?
Triggered by pulpal tissue reaction from within the tooth Pulpal area will appear as a diffuse radiolucency that extends beyond the normal pulp area
27
What does scalloping around the root describe, radiographically?
A radiolucent lesion that appears to extend up the PDL and between the roots
28
What does unilocular mean?
Having one compartment or unit that is well defined or outlined such as a simple radicular cyst
29
What does well circumscribed mean?
Describes a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and one can see the exact margins and extent of the lesion
30
What is an anomaly?
Something that deviates from what is standard or normal
31
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing
32
What is dysphonia?
Difficulty speaking
33
What is dyspnea?
Difficulty breathing
34
What are the 8 aspects or sources of information used in the diagnostic process?
Clinical diagnosis Radiographic diagnosis Historical diagnosis Laboratory diagnosis Microscopic diagnosis Surgical diagnosis Therapeutic diagnosis Differential diagnosis
35
What is involved in the clinical diagnosis?
What we can see clinically: Color Shape History (how may it have come to occur: amalgam tattoo, hairy tongue from medications etc) Location
36
What is the importance of the radiographic diagnosis?
Allows us to visualize lesions that may not be visible clinically. May provide sufficient information to establish a diagnosis. Can also help to confirm a clinical diagnosis
37
What types of lesions can radiographs help us diagnose?
Dental caries Apical cysts Root resorption Interproximal calculus Odontomas Tumors Calcified pulp Supernumerary teeth
38
What is used in the historical diagnosis?
Personal and/or family history (ex. family history of amelogenesis imperfecta) Past and present medical/dental histories History of drug ingestion History of the presenting disease or lesion Very important when combined with the clinical diagnosis
39
What procedures are included in the laboratory diagnosis?
Blood chemistries Urinalysis Cultures
40
Why is the microscopic diagnosis so important?
Often main component of definitive diagnosis Adequate tissue sample is necessary Form of laboratory diagnosis but due to its important is discussed on its own
41
What types of tests can be done as part of the microscopic diagnosis?
Brush test Scalpel biopsy
42
What is a surgical diagnosis?
Diagnosis that is made from gathering information during a surgical procedure
43
How is a therapeutic diagnosis made?
A patients history should first be obtained to rule out possible nutritional deficiencies etc. and then certain therapies may be used to see if the individual or lesion responds in a positive way Ex. Angular cheilitis may be caused by a B complex deficiency which can be ruled out by taking a history and then treated with an anti-fungal cream
44
What is the differential diagnosis?
Point in the diagnostic process when the practitioner decides which test or procedure is required to rule out conditions originally suspected to establish a definitive diagnosis
45
What is the hygienists role in the differential diagnosis?
Be observant Collect data: medical/dental history, history of lesion, clinical description, biopsy
46
What are some examples of variants from normal?
Fordyce granules Torus palatinus Mandibular tori Melanin pigmentation Retrocuspid papilla Lingual varicosities Linea alba Leukodema
47
***What are fordyce granules?***
Clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands Yellow lobules in clusters At vermillion border of lips and buccal mucoa
48
What is torus palatinus?
Growth of normal compact bone on midline of hard palate Can be various shapes and sizes No treatment unless interfering with speech, swallowing or prosthetics
49
What are mandibular tori?
Outgrowths of dense bone on the lingual aspect of the mandible near the premolars Usually bilateral- may appear fused togetehr
50
What is melanin pigmentation?
Pigment that gives color to skin, hair, eyes, mucosa and gingiva Most commonly observed in darker skinned adults
51
What are retrocuspid papilla?
Sessile nodule on the gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular cuspids Seen in younger patients, usually resolves with age
52
What are lingual varicosities?
Red to purple enlarged vessels or clusters of vessels Usually observed on ventral and lateral sides of tongue and in adults over 60 Can be associated with history of smoking and/or cardiovascular disease
53
What is linea alba?
White line that extends anterior to posterior on teh buccal mucosa at the occlusal plane May be bilateral- more prominent i patients who clench or brux
54
***What is leukodema?***
Generalize opalescence of the buccal mucosa Most common in black adults Less prominent when mucosa is stretched
55
Other benign conditions with unique clinical features
Lingual thyroid Median rhomboid glossitis Erythema migrans Fissured tongue Hairy tongue
56
What is lingual thyroid?
Undescended remnants of thyroid tissue Appears as a mass at the midline of dorsal surface of tongue behind the circumvallate papilla Sessile base
57
What is median rhomboid glossitis?
Flat or slightly raised reddened area in center of tongue Can be associated with chronic candida albicans Anti fungals may be used
58
What is erythema migrans?
Red patches surrounded by white or yellow border Devoid of filiform papilla Distinct presence of fungiform papilla Genetic factors, exacerbated by stress, possible burning discomfort
59
What is ectopic geographic tongue?
Appearance of geographic tongue found on other mucosal surfaces like the labial or buccal mucosa
60
What is fissured tongue?
Deep grooves on dorsal surface of tongue Probably involves genetic factors
61
What is white hairy tongue?
Elongated filiform papilla are white Results from increase in keratin production or decrease in normal desquamation
62
What is black hairy tongue?
Papilla are brown to black fro chromogenic bacteria Tobacco, foods, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, chemical rinses

241 Oral Pathology (13 decks)

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