Neoplasia Basics

Question 1

neoplasm that closely resembles tissue of origin

Answer 1

well-differentiated

Question 2

neoplasm that does not resemble tissue of origin

Answer 2

poorly differentiated

Question 3

sarcoma is derived from what tissue type?

Answer 3

mesenchyme (soft tissue, connective tissue)

Question 4

malignant tumor of the “solid” mesenchyme

Answer 4

sarcoma

Question 5

carcinoma is derived from what tissue type?

Answer 5

epithelial cells

Question 6

malignant tumor of the epithelium

Answer 6

carcinoma

Question 7

“adeno-“

Answer 7

glandular

Question 8

benign glandular tumor

Answer 8

adenoma

Question 9

malignant glandular tumor

Answer 9

adenocarcinoma

Question 10

anaplasia is a hallmark of…

Answer 10

malignancy

Question 11

3 most common cancers by incidence in adults

Answer 11

1. prostate/breast
2. lung
3. colorectal

Question 12

3 most common causes of cancer death

Answer 12

1. lung
2. prostate/breast
3. colorectal

Question 13

normal gene that promotes cell growth

Answer 13

proto-oncogene

Question 14

type of gene that inhibits cell growth

Answer 14

tumor suppressor gene

Question 15

cell can be “transformed” if there is a mutation in only one allele of this type of gene

Answer 15

proto-oncogene

Question 16

cell can be “transformed” only if there is a mutation in both alleles of this type of gene

Answer 16

tumor suppressor gene

Question 17

3 features of neoplasia that distinguish it from hyperplasia/repair

Answer 17

unregulated
irreversible
monoclonal

Question 18

How is clonality determined?

Answer 18

G6PD isoforms (x-linked – one x inactivated – one isoform randomly expressed)

Question 19

What is normal ratio of G6PD isoforms?

Answer 19

1:1

Question 20

What is the ratio of G6PD isoforms in polyclonal proliferation (e.g. hyperplasia)?

Answer 20

1:1

Question 21

What is the ratio of G6PD isoforms in the case of monoclonal proliferation (e.g. neoplasia)?

Answer 21

not 1:1

Question 22

How is clonality determined in B cell proliferation?

Answer 22

Ig light chain phenotype (kappa:lambda cells)

Question 23

What is the normal light chain ratio of kappa:lambda in B cells?

Answer 23

3:1

Question 24

What is the ratio of kappa:lambda in B cell neoplasia?

Answer 24

> 6:1 or inverted

Question 25

this type of tumor remains locally and does not metastesize

Answer 25

benign

Question 26

this type of tumor invades locally and has potential to metastesize

Answer 26

malignant (cancer)

Question 27

benign tumor of epithelium that produces glands

Answer 27

adenoma

Question 28

malignant tumor of epithelium that produces glands

Answer 28

adenocarcinoma

Question 29

benign tumor of epithelium that creates finger-like structures

Answer 29

papilloma

Question 30

malignant tumor of epithelium that creates finger-like structures

Answer 30

papillary carcinoma

Question 31

benign mesenchymal tumor of fat

Answer 31

lipoma

Question 32

malignant mesenchymal tumor of fat

Answer 32

liposarcoma

Question 33

benign tumor of bone

Answer 33

osteoma

Question 34

malignant tumor of bone

Answer 34

osteosarcoma

Question 35

benign tumor of cartilage

Answer 35

chondroma

Question 36

malignant tumor of cartilage

Answer 36

chondrosarcoma

Question 37

neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes

Answer 37

lymphoma/leukemia

Question 38

benign tumor of melanocytes

Answer 38

nevus (mole)

Question 39

malignant tumor of melanocytes

Answer 39

melanoma

Question 40

number of divisions that must take place before the average tumor causes clinical symptoms

Answer 40

30