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Vet Path. > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Oncology definition

A

Study or science of neoplastic growth

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2
Q

Tumor

A

Swelling

(Used to refer to neoplastic growth)

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3
Q

Neoplasia/neoplasm

A
  • new, abnormal growth of tissue
  • growth rate exceeds & is uncoordinated w/ normal tissue
  • no useful purpose
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4
Q

Cancer

A

Malignant neoplasms

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5
Q

Differentiation

A

Dev. of immature cells to mature cells

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6
Q

Anaplasia

A

neoplasm composed of less differentiated/mature cells

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7
Q

Metastasis

A
  • secondary growth of malignant neoplasm n organ or site remote from primary

(Basically means cancer spreads to new location)

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8
Q

Parenchyma

A
  • transformed or neoplastic cells
  • types: epithelial, mesenchymal or round cells
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9
Q

Examples of round cell parenchyma

A
  • mast cell tumors
  • histiocytic
  • lymphoma
  • plasma cell
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10
Q

Stroma

A
  • Supports neoplastic cells
  • made of CT, BV, and maybe lymphatics
  • CRUCIAL to tumor growth
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11
Q

Benign neoplasm

A
  • well differentiated
  • doesn’t metastasize
  • non- life threatening (usually)
  • grows slowly
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12
Q

Malignant neoplasm

A
  • potential to metastasize
  • poorly differentiated
  • grows fast
  • kills host
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13
Q

Suffix “-oma” meaning

A

Benign tumor

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14
Q

How are tumors classified?

A
  • microscopic and/or gross pattern
  • cell of origin
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15
Q

Adenoma

A

Benign tumor of adrenal gland

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16
Q

Cystadenoma

A

Adenoma w/ cystic spaces

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17
Q

Papilloma

A
  • Benign epithelial neoplasms
  • can be spontaneous or viral-induced
  • grow on any surface
  • produce macro/microscopic finger-like projections
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18
Q

In cows, what type of neoplasm is common?

A

Papillomas

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19
Q

Polyps

A
  • neoplasm that projects above mucosal surface
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20
Q

Sarcomas

A
  • malignant neoplasm
  • from mesenchymal tissue
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21
Q

Carcinomas

A
  • malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin
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22
Q

Ex. Of sarcomas

A
  • fibrosarcoma
  • liposarcoma
23
Q

Ex. Of carcinomas

A
  • squamous cell
  • adenocarcinoma
24
Q

T or F: Malignant tumors can be monoclonal

A

True; they usually are

25
Q

Mixed tumors

A
  • multipotent or totipotent capability
  • forms more than 1 neoplastic cell type
26
Q

Teratoma definition

A
  • tumors that arise from totipotent cells
27
Q

Teratomas are made of ___ __ germ layers

A

All 3

28
Q

Melanomas

A

Malignant melanocyte tumor

29
Q

melanocytoma

A

Benign melanocyte tumor

30
Q

Seminoma

A

Carcinoma of testicular germ cell origin

31
Q

Hepatoma

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

32
Q

“Lyomyo” means

A

Smooth m.

33
Q

“Rhabdomyo” means

A

Striated m.

34
Q

Lymphoma means the same thing as

A

lymphosarcoma

35
Q

Choristoma means

A

Normal cells in abnormal location

36
Q

Hamartoma means

A

disorganized, anomalous cells in a normal locatiom

37
Q

Reason why tumors grow

A
  • imbalance between cell prod & loss
38
Q

3 factors affecting tumor cell growth

A
  • blood supply
  • hormones
  • enzymes/products secreted by tumor cells (i.e. VEGF & MMP)
39
Q

Benign tumors grow

A

Slowly

40
Q

Malignant tumors grow

A

Rapidly or at erratic pace

41
Q

Cell cycle is______ in neoplastic cells

A

Shorter

42
Q

Well differentiated cells stay in what phase?

A

G0 (resting); so growth fraction is less

43
Q

Cell cycle stages in order

A

G1, S, G2, M

44
Q

Growth fraction

A
  • proportion of neoplastic active in cell cycle (G1->M)
  • % of cells actively dividing at a certain point in time
45
Q

Type of cells more susceptible to chemotherapy

A

Cycling cells

46
Q

Which agents work in the S or M phase?

A

Cancer chemotherapeutic agents

47
Q

Tumors w/ low cells in growth fractions are…

A

More refractory to chemotherapy

48
Q

As the cell population expands

A

Higher % leaves replicative pool

49
Q

Growth rate depends on

A

Growth fraction & degree of imbalance between cell prod. & loss

50
Q

Growth fraction is not important in

A

Determining growth rate

51
Q

Growth rate is determined by

A

Rate of cell loss

52
Q

Mechanisms of cell loss (3)

A
  • lack of blood supply causing ischemia then necrosis
  • immunologic attack
  • cell diff & aging
53
Q

When is a tumor considered palpable & detectable

A
  • after 30 doublings
  • prod, 1 gram mass of 10^9 cells
54
Q

How long does it take for clinical detection of neoplasms

A
  • 2 to 3 months (fast growing tumors)
  • up to a yr (slow growing tumors)

Vet Path. (10 decks)

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