Neoplasia Flashcards
Oncology definition
Study or science of neoplastic growth
Tumor
Swelling
(Used to refer to neoplastic growth)
Neoplasia/neoplasm
- new, abnormal growth of tissue
- growth rate exceeds & is uncoordinated w/ normal tissue
- no useful purpose
Cancer
Malignant neoplasms
Differentiation
Dev. of immature cells to mature cells
Anaplasia
neoplasm composed of less differentiated/mature cells
Metastasis
- secondary growth of malignant neoplasm n organ or site remote from primary
(Basically means cancer spreads to new location)
Parenchyma
- transformed or neoplastic cells
- types: epithelial, mesenchymal or round cells
Examples of round cell parenchyma
- mast cell tumors
- histiocytic
- lymphoma
- plasma cell
Stroma
- Supports neoplastic cells
- made of CT, BV, and maybe lymphatics
- CRUCIAL to tumor growth
Benign neoplasm
- well differentiated
- doesn’t metastasize
- non- life threatening (usually)
- grows slowly
Malignant neoplasm
- potential to metastasize
- poorly differentiated
- grows fast
- kills host
Suffix “-oma” meaning
Benign tumor
How are tumors classified?
- microscopic and/or gross pattern
- cell of origin
Adenoma
Benign tumor of adrenal gland
Cystadenoma
Adenoma w/ cystic spaces
Papilloma
- Benign epithelial neoplasms
- can be spontaneous or viral-induced
- grow on any surface
- produce macro/microscopic finger-like projections
In cows, what type of neoplasm is common?
Papillomas
Polyps
- neoplasm that projects above mucosal surface
Sarcomas
- malignant neoplasm
- from mesenchymal tissue
Carcinomas
- malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin
Ex. Of sarcomas
- fibrosarcoma
- liposarcoma
Ex. Of carcinomas
- squamous cell
- adenocarcinoma
T or F: Malignant tumors can be monoclonal
True; they usually are
Mixed tumors
- multipotent or totipotent capability
- forms more than 1 neoplastic cell type
Teratoma definition
- tumors that arise from totipotent cells
Teratomas are made of ___ __ germ layers
All 3
Melanomas
Malignant melanocyte tumor
melanocytoma
Benign melanocyte tumor
Seminoma
Carcinoma of testicular germ cell origin
Hepatoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
“Lyomyo” means
Smooth m.
“Rhabdomyo” means
Striated m.
Lymphoma means the same thing as
lymphosarcoma
Choristoma means
Normal cells in abnormal location
Hamartoma means
disorganized, anomalous cells in a normal locatiom
Reason why tumors grow
- imbalance between cell prod & loss
3 factors affecting tumor cell growth
- blood supply
- hormones
- enzymes/products secreted by tumor cells (i.e. VEGF & MMP)
Benign tumors grow
Slowly
Malignant tumors grow
Rapidly or at erratic pace
Cell cycle is______ in neoplastic cells
Shorter
Well differentiated cells stay in what phase?
G0 (resting); so growth fraction is less
Cell cycle stages in order
G1, S, G2, M
Growth fraction
- proportion of neoplastic active in cell cycle (G1->M)
- % of cells actively dividing at a certain point in time
Type of cells more susceptible to chemotherapy
Cycling cells
Which agents work in the S or M phase?
Cancer chemotherapeutic agents
Tumors w/ low cells in growth fractions are…
More refractory to chemotherapy
As the cell population expands
Higher % leaves replicative pool
Growth rate depends on
Growth fraction & degree of imbalance between cell prod. & loss
Growth fraction is not important in
Determining growth rate
Growth rate is determined by
Rate of cell loss
Mechanisms of cell loss (3)
- lack of blood supply causing ischemia then necrosis
- immunologic attack
- cell diff & aging
When is a tumor considered palpable & detectable
- after 30 doublings
- prod, 1 gram mass of 10^9 cells
How long does it take for clinical detection of neoplasms
- 2 to 3 months (fast growing tumors)
- up to a yr (slow growing tumors)
