Neoplasia Flashcards
1
Q
Oncology definition
A
Study or science of neoplastic growth
2
Q
Tumor
A
Swelling
(Used to refer to neoplastic growth)
3
Q
Neoplasia/neoplasm
A
- new, abnormal growth of tissue
- growth rate exceeds & is uncoordinated w/ normal tissue
- no useful purpose
4
Q
Cancer
A
Malignant neoplasms
5
Q
Differentiation
A
Dev. of immature cells to mature cells
6
Q
Anaplasia
A
neoplasm composed of less differentiated/mature cells
7
Q
Metastasis
A
- secondary growth of malignant neoplasm n organ or site remote from primary
(Basically means cancer spreads to new location)
8
Q
Parenchyma
A
- transformed or neoplastic cells
- types: epithelial, mesenchymal or round cells
9
Q
Examples of round cell parenchyma
A
- mast cell tumors
- histiocytic
- lymphoma
- plasma cell
10
Q
Stroma
A
- Supports neoplastic cells
- made of CT, BV, and maybe lymphatics
- CRUCIAL to tumor growth
11
Q
Benign neoplasm
A
- well differentiated
- doesn’t metastasize
- non- life threatening (usually)
- grows slowly
12
Q
Malignant neoplasm
A
- potential to metastasize
- poorly differentiated
- grows fast
- kills host
13
Q
Suffix “-oma” meaning
A
Benign tumor
14
Q
How are tumors classified?
A
- microscopic and/or gross pattern
- cell of origin
15
Q
Adenoma
A
Benign tumor of adrenal gland
16
Q
Cystadenoma
A
Adenoma w/ cystic spaces
17
Q
Papilloma
A
- Benign epithelial neoplasms
- can be spontaneous or viral-induced
- grow on any surface
- produce macro/microscopic finger-like projections
18
Q
In cows, what type of neoplasm is common?
A
Papillomas
19
Q
Polyps
A
- neoplasm that projects above mucosal surface
20
Q
Sarcomas
A
- malignant neoplasm
- from mesenchymal tissue
21
Q
Carcinomas
A
- malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin
22
Q
Ex. Of sarcomas
A
- fibrosarcoma
- liposarcoma
23
Q
Ex. Of carcinomas
A
- squamous cell
- adenocarcinoma
24
Q
T or F: Malignant tumors can be monoclonal
A
True; they usually are
25
Mixed tumors
- multipotent or totipotent capability
- forms more than 1 neoplastic cell type
26
Teratoma definition
- tumors that arise from totipotent cells
27
Teratomas are made of ___ __ germ layers
All 3
28
Melanomas
Malignant melanocyte tumor
29
melanocytoma
Benign melanocyte tumor
30
Seminoma
Carcinoma of testicular germ cell origin
31
Hepatoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
32
“Lyomyo” means
Smooth m.
33
“Rhabdomyo” means
Striated m.
34
Lymphoma means the same thing as
lymphosarcoma
35
Choristoma means
Normal cells in abnormal location
36
Hamartoma means
disorganized, anomalous cells in a normal locatiom
37
Reason why tumors grow
- imbalance between cell prod & loss
38
3 factors affecting tumor cell growth
- blood supply
- hormones
- enzymes/products secreted by tumor cells (i.e. VEGF & MMP)
39
Benign tumors grow
Slowly
40
Malignant tumors grow
Rapidly or at erratic pace
41
Cell cycle is______ in neoplastic cells
Shorter
42
Well differentiated cells stay in what phase?
G0 (resting); so growth fraction is less
43
Cell cycle stages in order
G1, S, G2, M
44
Growth fraction
- proportion of neoplastic active in cell cycle (G1->M)
- % of cells actively dividing at a certain point in time
45
Type of cells more susceptible to chemotherapy
Cycling cells
46
Which agents work in the S or M phase?
Cancer chemotherapeutic agents
47
Tumors w/ low cells in growth fractions are…
More refractory to chemotherapy
48
As the cell population expands
Higher % leaves replicative pool
49
Growth rate depends on
Growth fraction & degree of imbalance between cell prod. & loss
50
Growth fraction is not important in
Determining growth rate
51
Growth rate is determined by
Rate of cell loss
52
Mechanisms of cell loss (3)
- lack of blood supply causing ischemia then necrosis
- immunologic attack
- cell diff & aging
53
When is a tumor considered palpable & detectable
- after 30 doublings
- prod, 1 gram mass of 10^9 cells
54
How long does it take for clinical detection of neoplasms
- 2 to 3 months (fast growing tumors)
- up to a yr (slow growing tumors)
