Handout 5

Question 1

Reasons for fatty changes (5)

Answer 1

• too much fat entering liver
• decreased fatty acid oxidation by mitochondria
• protein and triglycerides not combining to form lipoproteins
• impaired apoprotein synthesis
• impaired excretion of lipoproteins

Question 2

Where else can fatty change occur?

Answer 2

• cardiac muscle: hypoxia, results from decreased oxidation of fatty acids by mitochondria
• lungs

Question 3

Foam cells

Answer 3

• macrophages that phagocytize large amts of lipid debris
• look foamy

Question 4

Intracellular protein accumulation

Answer 4

• usually in epithelium of PCT in kidney and plasma cells
• usually albumin, but can be hemoglobin or myoglobin
• protein is pinocytosed into PCT epithelial cells which fuses w/ lysosomes, producing a phagolysosome
• look like hyaline granules in cytoplasm

Question 5

Russell bodies

Answer 5

• plasma cells actively engaged w/ prod. of immunoglobulins that are overloaded w/ Igs and large eosinophilic inclusions
• membrane bound
• localized in dilated cisternae of ER

Question 6

Cause of intracellular accumulation of excessive glycogen

Answer 6

Abnormality of glucose or glycogen metabolism

Question 7

2 categories of intracellular accumulation of glycogen

Answer 7

• glycogen infiltration
• glycogen storage

Question 8

What does glycogen look like in H&E stains

Answer 8

• clear vacuoles

Question 9

2 stains used for glycogen

Answer 9

• PAS (periodic acid schiff)
• Best’s Carmine
• glycogen stains rose to violet

Question 10

Glycogen infiltration

Answer 10

• glycogen accumulation due to hyperglycemia ( a lot glucose)
• diabetes mellitus
• tissues involved: epithelial cells of distal part of DCT, loop of henle, leukocytes in inflamed or necrotic tissue, liver, cardiac muscle

Question 11

Diabetes types

Answer 11

• mellitus: too much glucose
• insipidus: insulin receptors not working

Question 12

Glycogen within leukocytes

Answer 12

• when dead/dying cells in a necrotic area release glycogen into intercellular medium, which is phagocytized by invading leukocytes

Question 13

Glycogenoses

Answer 13

• AKA Glycogen storage issues
• autosomal recessive genetic disorder
• defective catabolism of glycogen w/ accumulation in lysosomes
• Von Gierke’s disease, Pompe disease, Cori’s disease, McArdle’s Syndrome

Question 14

Von gierke’s disease

Answer 14

• glycogen storage disease type 1
• genetic lack of glucose-6-phosphatase in liver

Question 15

Inclusion bodies can develop in _____ & ______

Answer 15

• nucleus
• cytoplasm

Question 16

Stain for DNA inclusion bodies

Answer 16

Feulgen

Question 17

Stain for single vs. double stranded nuclei strands

Answer 17

Acridine-orange

Question 18

Fluorescent antibody and immunohistory techniques can be used for…

Answer 18

IDing inclusion bodies

Question 19

Protein-lattice inclusion bodies

Answer 19

• found in viral infections, metabolic diseases, and nonspecific changes in degenerating cells
• large, rhomboid shapes w/ fibers
• repeating units
• Huntington’s disease in humans

Question 20

Huntington’s disease

Answer 20

• humans
• Neuronal inclusions form @ axons and dendrites, prod. damaged neurons

Question 21

Metallic inclusion bodies

Answer 21

• lead poisoning
• inclusions are acid-fast
• in renal tubular epith.
• intranuclear protein matrices

Question 22

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Answer 22

• autosomal recessive
• large intracytoplasmic granules (inclusions)
• not found in RBCs (b/c no nucleus!)

Question 23

Lafora’s syndrome

Answer 23

• progressive neuronal myoclonus epilepsy
• humans and dogs
• autosomal recessive
• large, PAS +ve intracytoplasmic inclusions in neurons, hepatocytes, and myocardial fibers

Question 24

Brick inclusions

Answer 24

• crystalline protein inclusions
• in normal cells of liver, kidneys, and gonads
• can be free (nucleus or cytoplasm) or in organelles
• unknown significance