Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Vet Path. > Molecular Basis Of Cancer > Flashcards

Molecular Basis Of Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Initiation

A

Irreversible alteration of single, normal cell

(Starts acting weird)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Promotion

A

Potentially reversible clonal expansion of initiated cell

(Makes surrounding cells weird)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Progression

A

Conversion of initiated cell -> metastasizing cancer cell

(Weird tumor forms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Example of a known promoter

A

Croton oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Repeated exposure to tumor promoters causes

A

Tumor formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 main fates of promoted cells

A
  • progress to lesion w/ higher neoplastic capacity
  • grow w/o qualitative changes
  • persist for long time w/o or w/ minimal growth & w/o qualitative changes
  • regress completely
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

6 hallmarks of cancer

A
  • self sufficient growth signals
  • don’t respond to growth inhibitors
  • evasion of apoptosis
  • uncontrollable growth (limitless)
  • sustained angiogenesis
  • metastasis and tissue invasion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cancer etiopathogenesis caused by alteration of

A
  • proto-oncogenes
  • tumor suppressor genes
  • apoptosis genes
  • DNA repair genes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Main 2 cencer etiopathologies

A
  • proto-oncogenes
  • tumor suppressor genes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List some Proto-oncogenes

A
  • tyrosine kinases
  • G proteins
  • DNA binding proteins
  • signal transducers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proto-oncogenes

A
  • encode for oncoproteins
  • normal cell genes that regulate cell growth & diff.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oncogenes

A
  • altered proto-oncogene that promotes abnormal cell growth
  • promote autonomous cell growth in cancerous cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most commonly mutated oncogenes

A

In ras family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Proto-oncogene alterations

A
  • point mutation
  • gene amplification
  • translocation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Common tumor suppressor gene

A

P53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tumor suppressor genes

A
  • transcribed protein regulates growth
  • inactive form confers growth advantage
17
Q

BAX

A

Apoptosis gene

18
Q

P21

A

CDK Inhibitor

19
Q

GADD45

A

DNA repair

20
Q

BCL-2 family

A

Anti-apoptosis genes

21
Q

DNA Repair genes

A
  • influence non-lethal damage repair in other genes
  • dsyfunction-> genomic mutations
  • ex. GADD45, MLH1, MSH2
22
Q

Environmental causes of cancer

A
  • chemical carcinogen
  • radiant energy
  • oncogenic viruses
23
Q

Chemical carcinogens

A
  • synthetic or biological
  • 2 classes: direct-acting or procarcinogens
  • most are mutagens
  • highly reactive electrophiles that form DNA adducts
24
Q

Direct acting carcinogens

A

Don’t need to be metabolized

25
Procarcinogens
Require chemical or enzymatic activation
26
Radiant energy carcinogens
- are complete carcinogens (initiate & promote) - direct DNA damage - reactive O2 spp indirectly damages DNA
27
Types of cancers assc. w/ radiation
- melanomas - squamous cell carcinoma - basal cell carcinoma - leukemia - thyroid cancer - breast cancer
28
DNA Oncogenic virus
- transforming DNA viruses form stable assc. w/ host genome - productive infection - non productive infection
29
Productive infection
- permissive cells - virus replication occurs - frequently cytotoxic - not assc. w/ tumor form. usually
30
Non-productive infection
- non permissive cells - virus can’t replicate - can cause cell transformation and tumor formation
31
DNA Oncogenic virus steps of infection
- virus enters cell - viral envelope removed - v-DNA incorporated in host genome - synth. Of viral proteins - replication of genes that encode viral capsid proteins - infectious virions produced
32
Additional virion production w/ cell lysis doesn’t occur in
Non permissive cells
33
DNA papova viruses
Papilloma, polyoma, simian virus 40
34
Adenoviruses are DNA
True
35
DNA Herpesviruses
Marek’s, reticulum cell sarcoma in monkeys
36
RNA oncogenic viruses
- retroviruses & oncornaviruses - have RNA dependent DNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase - makes DNA copies of itself w/ RNA
37
RNA Oncogenic oncornaviruses
FeLV, Mouse mammary tumor virus, jaagsiekte virus type D

Vet Path. (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions