Benign Vs Malignant Flashcards
1
Q
4 morphological charact. that diff. between benign & malignant tumors
A
- differentiation
- local invasion
- growth of transformed cells
- growth pattern
2
Q
Differentiation definition
A
- when parenchymal cells look like normal cells, morphologically and functionally
3
Q
Benign tumors are…
A
Well differentiated
4
Q
Malignant tumors are
A
Well diff-poorly diff
5
Q
Dysplasia
A
- disordered growth
- in epithelia
- loss of cell uniformity in individual cells and architectural orientation
- can be preneoplastic
6
Q
Anaplasia
A
- loss of cell diff
- can be called dedifferentiation
- reversion of cells to more primitive form
7
Q
Cytologic characteristics of anaplasia
A
- pleomorphism
- abnormal nuclear morph
- lg. nucleoli (incr. protein synthesis)
- mitotic figures & abnormal incr. in # of mitoses
- loss of polarity
- formation of tumor giant cells
8
Q
Pleomorphism definition
A
Variation in size & shape of cells
9
Q
Characteristics variations of pleomorphisms
A
- nuclear:cytoplasmic
- anisokaryosis & poikilokaryosis
- anisocytosis & poikilocytosis
10
Q
Abnormal mitoses
A
- large #s of mitoses
- mitotic figures (tripolar, quadripolar, multipolar)
11
Q
Loss of polarity
A
- cell orientation disturbed
- cells grow in disorganized fashion
12
Q
Tumor giant cells
A
- lg. polymorph. nucleus or multiple variant nuclei
- not same as normal giant cells
13
Q
Functional differentiation
A
- better diff.= cell will more likely resemble normal cells
- anaplasia incr.= enzymes and specialized pathways may be lost-> simplification (functional)
14
Q
Sign of squamous cell carcinomas
A
Keratin pearls
15
Q
2 types of functional differentiation
A
- some elaborate fetal proteins not produced. by normal counterpart cells
- some cancers of non-endocrine origin can secrete endocrine-like hormones
