Block 1 Chart From Big (up To Section 4)

Question 1

6 causes of congenital anomalies

Answer 1

• genetics
• prenatal infection
• hormones
• vitamin deficiencies
• exposure of fetus to poisons ingested by mother
• parental injury

Question 2

Aplasia (agenesis)

Answer 2

• cells revert to primitive stages and lose specialization and organization

Question 3

Dysplasia

Answer 3

Abnormal growth/dev. of organ/part

Question 4

Anatomic diagnosis

Answer 4

Based on nature and location of lesion

Question 5

Etiologic diagnosis

Answer 5

• based on basis of the cause

Question 6

Definitive diagnosis

Answer 6

• based on basis of specific entity involved

Question 7

Clinical diagnosis

Answer 7

• based on clinical signs seen in live animal

Question 8

Pressure usually results in what kind of injuries

Answer 8

• mild
• dev. over long time pds

Question 9

Stenosis

Answer 9

Narrowing of hollow organs

Question 10

Stricture

Answer 10

Contraction of fibrous CT in organ wall

Question 11

Effects of electrical injuries

Answer 11

• edema
• hemorrhage
• somatic death due to cardiovasc. & resp. function interference
• burning of tissue

Question 12

Volvulus

Answer 12

Rotation around base of mesentery

Question 13

Torsion

Answer 13

Rotation around long axis

Question 14

Prolapse

Answer 14

Organ pops out natural/artificial orifice

Question 15

Hernia

Answer 15

Organ pops out natural orifice, but covered w/ skin

Question 16

Lesions (4) prod. by burns

Answer 16

• blisters
• reddening of tissue
• transepidermal death of cells/ necrosis
• charring

Question 17

Radiation

Answer 17

• prod. by Ionizing irradiation
• damage extent depends on type, route, and amt. exposure

Question 18

Light lesions

Answer 18

• sunburn not common in animals
• photosensitization seen
• incandescent light can cause

Question 19

Photosensitization

Answer 19

• damage of skin due to sunlight causing melanin to produce free radicals

Question 20

Metaplasia

Answer 20

• one type of cells are replaced with another

Question 21

Atrophy

Answer 21

Decrease in cell size

Question 22

Hypertrophy

Answer 22

Increase in cell size

Question 23

Hyperplasia

Answer 23

Increase in cell #

Question 24

Serous atrophy of fat

Answer 24

Decrease in amount of fat cells in body depos

Question 25

Fibrous atrophy

Answer 25

Fibrous CT fills gaps left by dead cells

Question 26

Acanthosis

Answer 26

Increase in thickness of stratum spinosum

Question 27

Hyperkeratosis

Answer 27

Increase in thickness of cornified layer of skin

Question 28

Lymphoid hyperplasia

Answer 28

Increase in lymphoid tissue

Question 29

Myeloid hyperplasia

Answer 29

Fatty bone marrow -> normal red bone marrow

Question 30

Nodular hyperplasia

Answer 30

Increase in cell # at a specific location in an organ

Question 31

Hereditary anomaly

Answer 31

• origin. germ cells
• from parent -> offspring

Question 32

Congenital anomalies

Answer 32

Born w/ it; can be genetic or non-genetic

Question 33

Aplasia

Answer 33

Failure to grow

Question 34

Ex. of aplasia/hypoplasia anomaly

Answer 34

Failure of CN II to develop

Question 35

3 anomalies that occur due to failure of parts to coalesce/close

Answer 35

• Cleft palate
• ventricular septal defects
• patent foramen ovale

Question 36

2 anomalied created due to persistence of vestigial structures

Answer 36

• meckel’s diverticulum
• ductus arteriosus

Question 37

2 Anomalies due to duplications, supernumerary, or accessory parts

Answer 37

• polydactyly
• cranioschisuis

Question 38

2 lesions caused byh ectopic/hetreotopic parts

Answer 38

• heart outside thorax
• pancreatic tissue in stomach wall

Question 39

2 anomalies related to skeletal dev. issues

Answer 39

• dwarfism
• chondrodysplasia