neoplasia

Question 1

define neoplasia

Answer 1

• ABNORMAL proliferation of cells and tissue
• UNCONTROLLED cell growth, EXCEEEDING that of surrounding normal tissue
• PERSISTS even when provoking stimulus REMOVED

Question 2

Name 2 classifications of tumours and their subgroups

Answer 2

bening and malignant

Question 3

tell about bening tumours

Answer 3

• slow growth
• encapsulated
• no tissue destruction
• no infiltration, spread, metastasis
• growth compresses surrounding tissues
• highly differentiated but still resembles tissue of origin
• uniform cell appearance
• well-formed blood vessels

Question 4

bening tumour histological classification

Answer 4

TISSUE DEPENDENT (oma):
- oestoma = bone cells
- lipoma = fat cells
- chondroma = cartilage-forming cells

Question 5

bening tumour examples

Answer 5

lining = PAPPILOMA
glandular = ADENOMA

Question 6

tell me about malignant tumour

Answer 6

• rapid growth
• infiltration and destruction of surrounding tissues
• metastasis (spread) throughout body (unconfined growth)
• aggressive growth by invasion of surrounding tissues
• doesn’t resemble tissue of origin
• abnormal mitosis
  *ANAPLASIA + POLYMORPHISM

Question 7

malignant tumour histological specifications

Answer 7

LINING = CARCINOMA ( via lymphatic spread)

ADENOMA = GLAND-FORMING CELLS
eg- Hepatic adenoma of liver cells

ADENOCARCINOMA = EPITHELIAL GLANDULAR TISSUE
eg- breast, prostate, colon

Question 8

malignant tumour examples

Answer 8

SARCOMA (via blood-stream spread)
- malignant growth of CT = muscle, bone cartilage

LEUKAEMIA = bone marrow pre-cursors

MELANOMA = melanocytes (skin pigments)

Question 9

Malignant tumour often has effects beyond the initial site of the lesion and can spread throughout the body.

What are the three main routes of metastatic spread of cancer?

Answer 9

• Lymphatic
• Haematogenous
• Transcoelomic (across the cavity e.g. into peritoneal cavity)

Question 10

give one example of a cancer which spreads the way you have chosen, also stating the commonest site of metastasis

Answer 10

colon cancer metastasize to liver, lung, peritoneum

kidney cancer metastases to adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, lung

lung cancer metastises to adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, other lung

Question 10

Give one example of a cancer which spreads the way you have chosen, also stating the commonest site of metastasis

Answer 10

Colon cancer metastasize to liver, lung, peritoneum

kidney cancer metastases to adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, lung

lung cancer metastises to adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, other lung

Question 11

Name 2 classifications of tumours and their subgroups

Answer 11

• Clinical: Benign or Malignant
• Histological: Epithelial or Mesenchyme

Question 12

5 features of malignant tumours

Answer 12

1. Growth is rapid
2. Growth is invasive, it destroys tissue
3. Tumour spreads
4. Recurrence after excision is very common
5. Tumour margins are well defined

Question 13

5 features of benign tumours

Answer 13

1. Growth is slow
2. Growth is non-invasive
3. Benign tumours do not spread
4. Do not recur when removed
5. Tumour margins are not well defined

Question 14

name 2 benign tumours and there tissue of origin

Answer 14

• Lipoma: fat tissue
• Chondroma: cartilage

Question 15

name 2 malignant tumours and their tissue of origin

Answer 15

• Carcinoma: epithelial cells
• Lymphoma: blood forming cell