haematology

Question 1

There are many different cell types present in the blood. These can be in normal numbers, deficient or present to excess.
For each of the haematological terms below, state the CELL TYPES INVOLVED and whether the term implies NORMAL, RAISED or REDUCED numbers of the cells.

Answer 1

Thrombocytopenia - decrease in platelets
Polycythaemia - increase in red blood cells
Leukaemia - increase in white blood cells
Pancytopenia - deficiency of all three cellular components of the blood (red cells, white cells, and platelets)

Question 2

The terms Macrocytic and Microcytic are often used to describe anaemia. Give TWO causes each for these types of anaemia

Answer 2

macrocytic - VIT B AND FOLIC ACID DEF

microcytic - IRON DEF AND THALASSEIMIA

Question 3

Dental extractions require that there are adequate numbers of platelets present in the blood for the bleeding to stop. Below what platelet level is it UNSAFE to extract a tooth in an otherwise healthy patient?

Answer 3

less than 50,000/mm3 is generally considered a contraindication for non-emergency dental extractions.

between 50,000/mm3 and 100,000/mm3 may be at an increased risk of bleeding, and dental extractions should only be performed after careful consideration of the risks and benefits.

Question 4

values for various anaemias

Answer 4

normal MCV = 90-100 fl
microcytic <80 fl
macrocytic > 100 fl

Question 5

3 reasons for microcytic anaemia

Answer 5

iron deficiency
bowel inflammatory disease
thalassemia (not enough haemoglobin made)

Question 6

3 reasons for macrocytic anaemia