medications Flashcards
what are ACE Inhibitors?
RELAXES AND WIDENS blood vessels
prevents body from making angiotensin II that normally tenses them
e.g. lisinopril
what is Amoxycillin?
an antibiotic that treats UTIs/bacterial infections
what are Antacids?
neutralises stomach acidity and prevents heartburn
acid reflux
what is an Anti-Cholinergic?
bronchodilator
e.g. atropine
block section of acetylcholine nerve transmission in smooth muscle (causing relaxation)
what is an Anti-Diuretic hormone?
decreases urine production to increase levels of salt and water in the body
what is Aspirin?
NSAID analgesic
prevents platelets coagulation
what are Beta-Blockers?
drugs that prevent adrenaline acting on the heart = slows down heart rate = reduces blood pressure.
e.g. atenolol, bisoprolol
what are B2 Agonists? how do they work?
bronchodilators
work by acting directly on Beta 2 receptors causing smooth muscle contraction and dilation of airways
what do short acting B2 agonists do?
treat acute bronchial constriction
relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
blue inhaler
e.g. salbutamol
what do long acting beta 2 agonists do?
prevent constriction of bronchial walls
relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
green inhaler
e.g. salmeterol
what is Benzodiazepine an example of?
an anticonvulsant drug
used to treat epilepsy and other seizure disorders
what is an example of an insulin sensitiser drug that may be prescribed to those with T2 Diabetes?
biguanides e.g. metformin
what is the function of Calcium Channel Blockers?
antihypertensive drug
prevent calcium entering the cells of the heart and arteries which allows blood vessels to relax and widen
e.g. nifedipine, felodipine
can cause gingival hyperplasia
what is a negative oral side effect of calcium channel blockers?
gingival hyperplasia
what are Corticosteroids?
an anti-inflammatory medication
e.g. cortisone, hydrocortisone and prednisone.
useful in treating rashes, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma
what is Prednisolone?
Corticosteroid medication that can be prescribed for chronic asthma
what are COX inhibitors?
NSAIDs
target enzymes responsible for inflammation and pain
e.g. ibuprofen, naproxen
what type of drug is Apixaban or Dabigatran?
anticoagulant drugs
what is Digoxin?
cardiac stimulator drug
used in treatment for heart failure, atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
what are the function of Diuretics?
increase urine production to decrease water and salt levels in the body
- also decrease blood pressure due to reduced blood volume
e.g. furesimide
what is Fluconazole?
an oral antifungal medication that treats candida
what is GTN spray?
Glycerol Trinitrate spray is a short acting nitrate spray that is used to treat angina
vasodilator = relaxes vascular smooth muscle
what do H2 receptor blockers do?
reduce acid secretion
what type of drug is Nifidepine?
calcium channel blocker
what is Omeprazole?
a proton pump inhibitor that reduces the amount of acid that the stomach makes
what are proton pump inhibitors?
Medications that reduce acid secretion by blocking action of proton pumps
proton pumps are enzymes in the stomach lining that aid in acid secretion
what is Salbutamol? how does it work?
short acting B2 Agonist
relaxes the smooth muscles of airways
blue inhaler
what are some side effects of Salbutamol inhalers?
dry mouth (xerostomia)
irritated throat
what is Salmeterol?
long acting B2 Agonist
green inhaler
- prevents onset of asthma symptoms
- maintenance of COPD
what is Fluticasone?
a steroid inhaler
brown inhaler
used to prevent symptoms of asthma and COPD
what are some oral side effects of steroid inhalers?
oral candidiasis/thrush
dry mouth
what is Simvastatin?
statin
decreases elevated lipid levels and cholesterol to avoid atherosclerosis
what is thyroxine used for?
used to treat hypothyroidism
what is Warfarin?
Anti-coagulant drug
need INR 2-4
