Neoplasia Flashcards
Chronic occupational exposure to benzene is associated with which neoplastic condition?
Leukaemia and an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome, and other hematological malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
What is Li-Fraumeni syndrome?
Li–Fraumeni syndrome is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome due to a mutation in the tumour suppressor gene TP53.
What sorts of neoplasms do patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome get?
Leukaemia and cancers of the adrenal gland and brain, along with certain sarcomas
Which cancer is more commonly associated with paraneoplastic neurologic disorders?
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) expresses several neuronal antigens and is commonly associated with PNDs.
What other cancers may be associated with paraneoplastic neurologic disorders?
neuroblastoma, thymoma, or sclerotic myeloma
How do you treat paraneoplastic neurological disorders?
Treat the underlying malignancy
What is the pathology of paraneoplastic neurological disorders?
Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PNDs) can affect any part of the nervous system and are caused by mechanisms other than local invasion or metastasis. PNDs are usually associated with antibodies which bind to proteins that are common to both the tumour and the nervous system.
What is metastatic calcification?
Metastatic calcification is deposition of calcium in normal tissues due to elevated serum calcium levels (hypercalcemia).
What neoplasm does chronic exposure to cadmium cause?
Prostate cancer. or renal cell carcinoma
Cadmium is used in yellow pigments, phosphors, solders, batteries, as alloy, and in metal plating and coatings
What neoplasms does chronic occupational exposure to asbestos cause?
Asbestos increases the risk for mesothelioma, as well as lung, oesophageal, gastric and colon cancers
What does chronic occupational exposure to vinyl chloride cause?
Hepatic angiosarcoma
What does chronic occupational exposure to chromium cause?
Lung cancer
What does human herpesvirus8 cause?
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
What is the most common type of thyroid neoplasia?
1 Papillary carcinoma (75%–85%)
2 Follicular carcinoma (10%–20%)
3 Medullary carcinoma (5%)
4 Anaplastic carcinoma (< 5%)
Which form of thyroid cancer results from radiation exposure?
Papillary carcinoma
Which form of thyroid cancer primarily occurs in older patients?
Anaplastic carcinoma
