Neoplasia 1

Question 1

What are the Classification of neoplasia?

Answer 1

• Clinical behaviour
  Benign
  Malignant
• Histogenesis
  Epithelial (Lining,glandular tissue)
  Connective tissues
  Other

Question 2

What are the Effects of Benign Tumours

Answer 2

Palpable lump
Pressure
Obstruction
Function – esp hormone secretion

Question 3

What is the most common benign salivary gland tumor?

Answer 3

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA)

Question 4

What are the Aetiology of Oral cancer?

Answer 4

-multifactorial
tobacco, smoking or smokeless tobacco
betel quid (chewing habits)
alcohol
diet and nutrition
oral hygiene
viruses: HPV, EBV, HHV-8
Immunodeficiency
Socioeconomic factors

Question 5

What this image shows?

Answer 5

Leukoplakia: White patch that cannot be rubbed off or attributed to any other cause. (Biopsy essential)

Question 6

How to identify dysplasia?

Answer 6

Identified by changes in appearance & arrangement

Question 7

What are the chemical carcinogens?

Answer 7

Smoking polycyclic hydrocarbons - tar
Diet, drugs, alcohol
Asbestos

Question 8

What are the physical carcinogens?

Answer 8

Ionising radiation - Induces DNA damage
UV - Induces DNA damage (Skin cancer)
Radioactive metals/gases - radium (associated with bone/marrow cancer)

Question 9

What are the viral carcinogensis?

Answer 9

DNA viruses
more common – viral DNA inserted into host DNA
RNA viruses
reverse transcribed and then inserted

Question 10

What is Multi-step theory of Carcinogenesis

Answer 10

Initiation - Genetic change → neoplastic potential

Promotion - Nongenetic factors (reversible) → drives clonal proliferation

Progression - Additional genetic/nongenetic changes → drives malignancy