Innate Immunity 2

Question 1

What innate immune system consist of?

Answer 1

Consist of epithelium and innate immune cells

Question 2

Name the receptors that recognize ‘unique’ features of microbes

Answer 2

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

Question 3

Receptor activation leads to:

Answer 3

An “effector response”

Question 4

What type of innate immune cell is most abundant at the oral mucosa?

Answer 4

Neutrophils - 95%

Question 5

What cytokine is responsible for neutrophil recruitment/attraction?

Answer 5

CXCL8 (IL-8)

Question 6

What is diapedesis?

Answer 6

A process which neutrophils and other immune cells migrate to site of infection\ migration of immune cells out of circulation into blood vessel walls

Question 7

What are the three main families of Cell adhesion molecules?

Answer 7

• Selectins - E.g. P & E-selectins
• Integrins - E.g. LFA-I
• Immunoglobulin superfamily

Question 8

What type of cytokines can be chemokines?

Answer 8

Endocrine cytokines

Question 9

Example of chemical mediator

Answer 9

Histamine

Question 10

What types of innate immune cells are responsible for anti-parasitic immunity

Answer 10

Eosinophils and basophils

Question 11

Main cell types that undergo “degranulation”

Answer 11

Any cells that contain granules

Question 12

Main roles of histamine

Answer 12

-Vasodilation
-Increases vascular permeability of blood vessels
-Smooth muscle contraction
-Bronchoconstriction
-Neurotransmission (sensation of itching in allergies)

Question 13

What are the main functions of neutrophils?

Answer 13

Degranulation
Produce NETs (Neutrophil extracellular trap)

Question 14

What is NETosis?

Answer 14

activation leads to release of proteins and chromatin (DNA) to form extra-cellular fibril matrix

Question 15

What are the main functions of NK cells?

Answer 15

Recognize and kill abnormal cells (+ invading microbes)
NK cells release perforin and granzymes

Question 16

What is Phagocytosis?

Answer 16

A process utilized by phagocytes cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, DCs

Question 17

Mention stages of phagocytosis?

Answer 17

1. Recognition
2. Engulfment
3. Phagosome
4. Phagolysosome
5. Cell digestion
6. Residual bodies
7. Exocytosis

Question 18

Mention antigen presenting cells

Answer 18

DCs, Macrophages, B cells

Question 19

what cellular response is essential in linking between innate and adaptive immunity?

Answer 19

Antigen presentation

Question 20

What molecule is responsible in presentation of endogenous proteins?

Answer 20

MHCI found in nucleated cells

Question 21

What molecule is responsible in presentation of exogenous proteins?

Answer 21

MHCII (post-phagpcytosis)

Question 22

What is the largest component of human blood

Answer 22

Plasma (~55%)

Question 23

What 4 enzymatic cascade systems do plasma contain?

Answer 23

• Complement
• Kinins
• Coagulation factors
• Fibrinolytic system

Question 24

What are complement’s?

Answer 24

a collection of soluble proteins that drive inflammation or opsonization

Question 25

Where dose complement produce?

Answer 25

Produced in the liver and released into circulation.

Question 26

What are the 3 pathways of complement?

Answer 26

• Classical pathway – antibody attached to microbe
• Alternative pathway – microbial cell wall
• Lectin pathway – microbial carbohydrates

Question 27

Complement proteins (fragments) =

Answer 27

Anaphylatoxins