Growth Disorders Flashcards
Mention examples of development disorders that have too little growth
Agenesis
Aplasia
Hypoplasia
Mention examples of development disorders that have too much growth
- Haemangioma
- Lymphangioma
- Naevus - Mole
Mention examples of development disorders in wrong place
Ectopia
What is Ectopia?
-Normal tissue in abnormal place
E.g:
Mickle diverticulum
Tubal ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic tooth-normal
What this image shows?
Enamel hypoplasia: Less tissue formed, normal structure
What this image shows?
Sturge Weber syndrome
- Haemangioma: collection of small blood vessels that form a lump under the skin
What this image shows?
Haemangioma: collection of small blood vessels that form a lump under the skin present at birth
What this image shows?
Cystic hygroma
What is Atrophy?
Reduction in size and number of cells
E.g:
Atrophic mandible
Oesteoprosis
What this image shows?
Gingival hyperplasia: increase in cell number (increased tissue size and function)
What are the causes of pathologic hyperplasia?
- Endocrine stimulation can induce hyperplasia in target organs
- Chronic injury or inflammation
What is Hypertrophy?
Increase in cell size due to increased production of cellular protein
Hypertrophy is muscle can arise from physiological and pathological routes
- Skeletal - exercise (Physiological) - increase number of myofilaments
- Smooth - Pregnancy/hormonal (Physiological)
- Cardiac - LVH Hypertension (Pathologic)
What this image shows?
Goitre - thyroid follicular hypertrophy due to:
- Dietary iodine deficiency →
- Decreased Thyroid hormone synthesis →
- Compensatory over secretion of TSH
What is Metaplasia?
Change from one differentiated tissue to another
Arises from changes in environmental demand
E.g:
Barrett’s oesophagus :squamous to columnar
What is dysplasia?
Abnormal growth - carries malignant potential
