Adaptive Immunity 2

Question 1

What are B cells? (Functions)

Answer 1

Facilitate communication with T cells
Produce antibodies

Question 2

What process leads to B cell subset generation?

Answer 2

Clonal expantion

Question 3

Name the 2 subsets of B cells?

Answer 3

Plasma cells
Memory B cells

Question 4

Where do B cells mature?

Answer 4

Bone marrow

Question 5

How do B cells recognise antigens?

Answer 5

Via B cell receptor - BCR (IgM or IgD)

Question 6

Name the 5 different immunoglobulins produced by B cells?

Answer 6

Question 7

Detail the common structure of a BCR (immunoglobulin)?

Answer 7

Question 8

What feature during development generates BCR diversity?

Answer 8

Rearrangement of heavy and light chain genes

Question 9

Summarise the development process of B cells?

Answer 9

Question 10

Where dose negative selection of B cells occur?

Answer 10

in the bone marrow

Question 11

What are the functions of the antibody produced by B cell?

Answer 11

-Neutralization
-Opsonization
Antibody-dependent cellular
cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Mast cell degranulation
-Initiation of complement

Question 12

What are the 2 types of B cell activation

Answer 12

Thymus-dependent
Thymus-independent

Question 13

What thymus-dependent B cell activation required?

Answer 13

Requires: Co-stimulatory molecules (CD40-CD40L) and Cytokine responses from TH2 cells
Result: differentiation into memory B cells & plasma cells

Question 14

What stimulate thymus-independent B cell activation?

Answer 14

Through microbial antigens (e.g., LPS)

Question 15

What result from thymus-independent B cell activation?

Answer 15

Differentiation to plasma cells

Question 16

Activation leads to ?

Answer 16

Class switching occurs in mature B cells

Question 17

What is affinity?

Answer 17

Strength of binding of single antibody to antigen
IgG, IgD and IgE have high affinity

Question 18

What is avidity?

Answer 18

Ability of antibodies to form complexes (valency)
IgA and IgM have high avidity

Question 19

What is the first antibody produced after B cell activation?

Answer 19

IgM

Question 20

What are the 2 main types of immunological tolerance?

Answer 20

Central – In the primary lymphoid organs (the thymus and bone-marrow)

Peripheral – Tolerance occurring outside primary organs (e.g., lymph nodes)

Question 21

What might happen if tolerance mechanism failed?

Answer 21

Autoimmune disease

Question 22

What a breach of tolerance can lead to?

Answer 22

Autoimmune diseases

Question 23

Peripheral Tolerance (B cells)

Answer 23

Complimentary, self-reactive T cells no longer present to stimulate B cell activity → Become anergic