neoplasia 1

Question 1

definition of neoplasia

Answer 1

abnormal proliferation of cells
new tumour growth
doesnt always mean cancer

Question 2

what are the 3 P’s of neoplasms

Answer 2

progressive = independent of normal growth control
purposeless
parasitic = draws nourishment frombody

Question 3

what is normal cell growth

Answer 3

balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis = no net gain of new cells

Question 4

where is cdk-cyclin complex activated

Answer 4

during g1, before DNA repl, before mitosis

Question 5

describe the 3 checkpoints

Answer 5

g1 = cell size, nutrients, growth factors 
g2 = cell size, dna rep
m = chromosome spindle attachment

Question 6

what are protoocnogenes and give an example

Answer 6

regualate cell growth + proliferation
oncogenes = encourage cells to proliferate
eg HER2/Neu = growth facctore receptor. activates brest, ovarian + gastric tumours through amplification

Question 7

what are tumour suppressor genes, and give an example

Answer 7

apply breaks to normal cell proliferation unless mutated

p53 = cell cycle reg causes mutliple tumour types through mutation

Question 8

describe carcinogenesis

Answer 8

initiation of cancer formation
exposeure to initiator (what causes initial mutation)
expposure to promotoer = amplify effect of initiator (but are reversible) eg hormones, chronic inflam, viruses