Neonates Flashcards
Which of the following statements accurately describes the findings and significance of the study on arginine-vasopressin (AVP) administration in neonatal foals?
A) The study showed that AVP administration in neonatal foals resulted in an increase in CRH levels, demonstrating AVP’s role as a primary stimulator of corticotropin-releasing hormone in foals.
B) The study concluded that AVP is ineffective at increasing cortisol levels in neonatal foals and suggested ACTH as a more potent stimulant of cortisol release.
C) The study demonstrated that AVP administration led to a dose-dependent increase in ACTH and cortisol concentrations in neonatal foals, with no change in CRH levels. AVP was shown to be a safe and effective diagnostic tool for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPAA) function, with a 5 IU dose recommended for assessing both pituitary and adrenal responses.
D) The results indicated that AVP administration caused a significant decrease in ACTH and cortisol concentrations, suggesting that AVP suppresses HPAA function in neonatal foals, with notable adverse effects observed during the study.
correct C.
A) Incorrect: no change in CRH levels was observed after AVP administration, indicating that AVP had no direct effect on CRH release in foals.
B)Incorrect: The study found that AVP effectively increased both ACTH and cortisol levels, showing its potential as a potent stimulant of these hormones.
“All doses of AVP resulted in a significant increase in cortisol concentration over time, and a dose-dependent increase in ACTH concentration.”
C) Correct: significant, dose-dependent rise in ACTH and cortisol levels after AVP administration, with no effect on CRH levels. Additionally, AVP was found to be a safe and effective tool for assessing HPAA function in foals, with the 5 IU dose recommended for this purpose.
D) Incorrect: The study found the opposite, with AVP causing a significant increase in both ACTH and cortisol concentrations. There were also no major adverse effects reported during the study.
2023-Assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function using a vasopressin stimulation test in neonatal foals JVIM
Which of the following accurately describes the results of the study comparing thiamine, ascorbic acid, and cortisol concentrations in healthy and ill foals?
A) Blood thiamine concentrations were higher in septic foals compared to healthy foals at 72 and 120 hours, while cortisol levels remained lower in both septic and SNS foals at admission.
B) Ascorbic acid levels were significantly higher in both septic and SNS foals compared to healthy foals at 72 and 120 hours after admission, but no significant differences were found in cortisol levels.
C) Cortisol concentrations were lower in septic foals compared to SNS and healthy foals at admission, while thiamine and ascorbic acid concentrations remained unchanged between the groups.
D) Blood thiamine and ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly lower in septic foals compared to healthy foals at 72 and 120 hours, while serum cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in septic foals compared to sick non-septic and healthy foals at admission.
Answer D
Justifications:
A) Incorrect: The study found that thiamine levels were significantly lower in septic foals compared to healthy foals at 72 and 120 hours, not higher. Cortisol levels were also higher, not lower, in septic foals at admission compared to SNS and healthy foals.
B) Incorrect: The study found that ascorbic acid levels were significantly lower in septic and SNS foals compared to healthy foals at 72 and 120 hours. This answer also incorrectly states that there were no significant differences in cortisol levels, which were actually higher in septic foals.
C) Incorrect: Cortisol concentrations were found to be higher in septic foals compared to SNS and healthy foals at admission. Additionally, thiamine and ascorbic acid concentrations were not unchanged; they were lower in ill foals, particularly in septic foals.
D) Correct. Thiamine and ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly lower in septic foals at 72 and 120 hours compared to healthy foals. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in septic foals at admission compared to SNS and healthy foals.
Thiamine lower in septic / Ascorbic lower in septic + sick non septic.
Blood thiamine (vitamin B1), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and cortisol concentrations in healthy and ill neonatal foals. 2021 JVIM
Which of the following accurately describes the findings of the study on cortisol and thyroid hormone concentrations in foals born from mares with placentitis?
A) Sick surviving foals had significantly lower T3 : cortisol and T4 : cortisol ratios compared to sick non-surviving foals, indicating a lack of prognostic value for these ratios in foals with placentitis.
B) Serum cortisol and thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations, including T3 and T4, were found to be higher in sick foals compared to healthy controls, suggesting that placental infections lead to an increase in both cortisol and TH concentrations.
C) The study found no difference in thyroid hormone concentrations between surviving and non-surviving foals, and cortisol levels were not associated with any clinical outcomes in foals born from mares with placentitis.
D) Sick non-surviving foals had significantly lower T3 : cortisol and T4 : cortisol ratios compared to sick surviving foals at 12, 24, and 48 hours of life, indicating that these ratios could be used as prognostic markers in foals with placental infections.
Answer D
A) Incorrect: The study found that sick non-surviving foals had lower T3 : cortisol and T4 : cortisol ratios compared to sick surviving foals, not the other way around.
B) Incorrect: Sick foals, particularly non-survivors, had lower thyroid hormone (T3, FT3, T4, FT4) concentrations compared to healthy foals. Cortisol levels increased, but TH levels decreased.
C) Incorrect: The study did find differences in hormone concentrations, with non-surviving foals having lower T3 and T4 concentrations. Additionally, T3 : cortisol and T4 : cortisol ratios were significant in differentiating between surviving and non-surviving foals.
D) Correct: Non-surviving foals had lower T3 : cortisol and T4 : cortisol ratios compared to surviving foals, suggesting these ratios could serve as useful prognostic markers for disease severity in foals with placental infections.
Sick non-surviving foals had lower T3 : cortisol ratio at 12, 24 and 48 hours of life when compared to Sick surviving foals and lower T4 : cortisol ratio at 12 and 24 hours after birth than Sick surviving foals
Serum cortisol and thyroid hormone concentrations and survival in foals born from mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis.2020
What is the major endocrine response to nursing in healthy neonatal foals ?
A- Nursing stimulated marked decreases in glucagon, insulin, and glucose concentrations, and decreased ACTH and cortisol concentrations.
B- Nursing stimulated marked decreases in glucagon, insulin, and glucose concentrations, and increased ACTH and cortisol concentrations.
C- Nursing stimulated marked increases in glucagon, insulin, and glucose concentrations, and decreased ACTH and cortisol concentrations.
D- Nursing stimulated marked increases in glucagon, insulin, and glucose concentrations, and did not alter ACTH and cortisol concentrations.
C- Nursing stimulated marked increases in glucagon, insulin, and glucose concentrations, and decreased ACTH and cortisol concentrations.
Glucagon, insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol in response to carbohydrates and fasting in healthy neonatal foals
jvim 2021
What are the dynamics of androgens in healthy and hospitalized newborn foals ?
A- Androgens were lower in hospitalized foals than healthy foals, and were not associated with the outcome.
B- Androgens were higher in hospitalized foals than healthy foals, and were not associated with the outcome.
C- Contrary to cortisol, androgens were lower in hospitalized foals than healthy foals, and were associated with the nonsurvival.
D- Similar to glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and progestagens, increased serum concentrations of androgens are associated with disease severity and nonsurvival in hospitalized newborn foals.
D- Similar to glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and progestagens, increased serum concentrations of androgens are associated with disease severity and nonsurvival in hospitalized newborn foals.
Dynamics of androgens in healthy and hospitalized newborn foals
jvim 2021
What is the clinical effect of AVP administration in neonatal foals ? For what purpose ?
Administration of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is safe and results in a significant rise in ACTH and cortisol in neonatal foals. A stimulation test with AVP (5 IU) can be considered for HPAA assessment in septic foals.
Assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function using a vasopressin stimulation test in neonatal foals
jvim 2023
A 2-day-old hospitalized foal undergoes a stimulation test with 1 µg/kg of ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (oCRH) to assess the function of its hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. What hormonal response would you expect in this foal following the administration?
A) Cortisol increases only in healthy foals, while ACTH remains unchanged in hospitalized foals.
B) ACTH and cortisol increase in hospitalized foals after 15 minutes, but endocrineCRH (eCRH) shows no change.
C) Cortisol increases in hospitalized foals, but ACTH and eCRH increase only after 30 minutes in healthy foals.
D) Cortisol, ACTH, and eCRH significantly increase in both healthy and hospitalized foals, with a dose-dependent response to 1 µg/kg of oCRH.
Correct Answer: D
Justification:
Cortisol: Increased significantly in both hospitalized and healthy foals, particularly at 30 and 60 minutes after the administration of 1 µg/kg of oCRH.
ACTH: Showed a dose-dependent increase in both groups, with significant increases at 30 and 60 minutes in healthy foals, and after 15 and 30 minutes in hospitalized foals.
eCRH: Also increased significantly in both groups, with a peak at 30 minutes in healthy foals and after 15 and 30 minutes in hospitalized foals.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to ovine corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation tests in healthy and hospitalized foals 2022
