Critical care Flashcards
Which of the following statements best summarizes the findings and clinical implications of comparing two analyzers (Beckman Coulter AU480 Chemistry analyzer (PBMA) and a Nova Biomedical
Stat Profile (WBGA)) in determining electrolyte concentrations and diagnosing acid-base disorders in sick horses using the simplified strong ion difference (sSID) approach?
A) The study found perfect agreement between the two analyzers in measuring Na+ and Cl− concentrations, which resulted in consistent sSID calculations and diagnoses of acid-base disorders in sick horses.
B) The study revealed significant differences between the two analyzers in measuring Na+ and Cl− concentrations, leading to discrepancies in the calculation of the strong ion difference (SID4) and unmeasured strong ions (USI), resulting in poor agreement in diagnosing acid-base disorders in sick horses.
C) The study found that time between sample collection and analysis was the only factor influencing the differences in SID4 calculations and acid-base disorder diagnosis in horses.
D) The study concluded that the variability in total solids (TS) and total protein (TP) concentrations measured by the analyzers had no impact on sSID calculations or the diagnosis of acid-base disorders in horses.
B.Correct: This statement accurately summarizes the key findings of the study. Significant differences were observed between the two analyzers, especially in Na+ and Cl− measurements, leading to variability in SID4 and USI values, which affected the diagnosis of acid-base disorders.
A: incorrect: The study actually found significant differences between the analyzers in measuring Na+ and Cl− concentrations, not perfect agreement. These differences affected the sSID calculations and the diagnosis of acid-base disorders.
C. Incorrect: While time between sample collection and analysis did play a role, it was not the only factor. The type of sample (whole blood vs. plasma) and differences in measurement methodologies also contributed to the discrepancies between the analyzers.
D. Incorrect: The study found that differences in TS and TP measurements using different methodologies affected the calculation of the total weak acid concentration (Atot), which is one of the factors influencing the sSID model. This variability did impact the diagnosis of acid-base disorders.
Agreement of 2 electrolyte analyzers for identifying electrolyte and acid-base disorders in sick horses. 2020 JVIM
Which of the following best summarizes the key findings of the study on fluid flow rates through different equine catheters?
A) Fluid flow rates were primarily influenced by the viscosity of the fluid, and using a 14-gauge catheter provided the fastest flow rate at any height.
B) The fastest fluid flow rates were achieved using a 10-gauge catheter at a height of 200 cm, with flow rates increasing by 25-28% when the height of the fluid bag was increased from 150 cm to 200 cm.
C) Increasing the height of the fluid bag had no significant effect on fluid flow rates through different catheter types, and identical catheters showed poor agreement in flow rate consistency.
D) Fluid flow rates were highest with smaller-bore catheters and were unaffected by the height of the fluid bag or catheter type.
Correct Answer:
B) The fastest fluid flow rates were achieved using a 10-gauge catheter at a height of 200 cm, with flow rates increasing by 25-28% when the height of the fluid bag was increased from 150 cm to 200 cm.
Justification for incorrect answers:
A) is incorrect because the study found that the 10-gauge catheter, not the 14-gauge, had the fastest flow rates, and viscosity differences of fluids were noted as a limitation but not the primary factor influencing results.
C) is incorrect because increasing the height of the fluid bag significantly impacted flow rates, and there was excellent agreement between identical catheters.
D) is incorrect because wider-bore catheters, not smaller ones, provided the fastest flow rates, and the height of the fluid bag had a clear influence on flow rates.
In vitro flow rates through five different catheters intended for
intravenous use in horses at two different heights
S. Lord†,* , J. Duncan†, M. Gozalo-Marcilla† and K. Woodhouse‡ EVE 2022
Which of the following accurately describes the results of the study investigating the effects of ascorbic acid (AA) and hydrocortisone (HC) on horses subjected to LPS-induced endotoxemia?
A) The administration of AA and HC resulted in a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, with both treatments drastically lowering neutrophil counts at 6 and 12 hours after LPS infusion.
B) Administration of AA led to a decrease in serum cortisol concentrations, while HC had no effect on cortisol levels, suggesting that neither treatment improved the horses’ response to LPS infusion.
C) The combination of AA and HC resulted in a significant improvement in clinical signs, decreased plasma SAA concentrations, and completely prevented the onset of CIRCI in the horses.
D) Administration of AA and HC did not significantly affect clinical signs or pro-inflammatory cytokine production, but AA led to higher neutrophil counts at 6 hours post-LPS infusion, and HC increased neutrophil counts at 12 hours. Serum cortisol levels increased post-LPS infusion, with no effect from treatment.
Answer D.
A) Incorrect: The study found no effect of AA or HC on pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression or clinical signs. Additionally, AA and HC increased neutrophil counts post-LPS infusion rather than lowering them.
B) Incorrect: AA did not cause a decrease in cortisol levels, and there was no significant effect of any treatment on cortisol levels. Cortisol levels increased after LPS infusion, but this was not due to treatment.
C) Incorrect: The study found no significant improvement in clinical signs or plasma SAA concentrations with AA or HC administration, and CIRCI was still observed, indicated by a blunted cortisol response to ACTH.
D) Correct: This accurately reflects the study results. Neither AA nor HC significantly affected clinical signs or cytokine production, but AA increased neutrophil counts at 6 hours post-LPS, and HC increased neutrophil counts at 12 hours. Additionally, cortisol levels increased post-LPS infusion without a treatment effect.
2020 Anderson 2020 Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low‐dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses
