Hepato Flashcards
What is Tyzzer’s disease ? (etiology, target population, clinical signs)
Clostridium piliforme acute necrotising hepatitis = Tyzzer’s disease
Clostridium piliforme is a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular spore-forming manure- and soil-borne bacterium.
Hepatic lesions predominate in foals, with profound hypoglycaemia and variable increases in hepatic enzymes
Successful management of an outbreak of Tyzzer’s disease on a Thoroughbred breeding farm in central Kentucky; use of sorbitol dehydrogenase to identify sub-clinical cases
EVE 2023
What is the ddx of hepatic failure in neonates ?
- EHV-1
- Tyzzer’s disease
- neonatal isoerythrolysis
- acute iron toxicity
- congenital biliary atresia
- hypoxic injury
Successful management of an outbreak of Tyzzer’s disease on a Thoroughbred breeding farm in central Kentucky; use of sorbitol dehydrogenase to identify sub-clinical cases
EVE 2023
What biomarker could be used to identify subclinical or early-onset Tyzzer disease?
SDH (Sorbitol deshydrogenase) lacks specificity but might be the most sensitive test available during a Tyzzer’s disease outbreak.
Successful management of an outbreak of Tyzzer’s disease on a Thoroughbred breeding farm in central Kentucky; use of sorbitol dehydrogenase to identify sub-clinical cases
EVE 2023
Which virus is currently suspected of causing Theiler’s disease?
Equine Parvovirus Hepatitis (EqPV-H)
First report of equine parvovirus-hepatitis-associated Theiler’s disease in Europe
evj 2020
Which zoonotic virus has been found in donkeys in China? Which genotype ?
Detection of hepatitis E virus genotypes 3 and 4 in donkeys in northern China
Detection of hepatitis E virus genotypes 3 and 4 in donkeys in northern China
evj 2020
What are the most liver specific enzymes in horses ?
A- ALKP, ASAT, GGT
B- LDH, GGT, SDH
C- GGT, ALKP, GLDH
D- GGT, SDH, GLDH
D- GGT, SDH, GLDH
GGT → biliary disease
SDH, GLDH → hepatocellular damage
SDH → very sensitive and specific marker of liver disease
Pre-analytical stability of sorbitol dehydrogenase in equine heparinized plasma
Vet J 2021
What is the pre-analytical stability of SDH in equine heparinized plasma ?
A- Adequate stability for 72h at -20°C
B- Adequate stability for 4h regardless of storage T° and 24h if stored at 4°C
C- Adequate stability for 4h at 4°C and 24h if stored at -20°C
D- Adequate stability for 4h regardless of storage T° and 24h if stored at -20°C
B- Adequate stability for 4h regardless of storage T° and 24h if stored at 4°C
Pre-analytical stability of sorbitol dehydrogenase in equine heparinized plasma
Vet J 2021
What risk factor is associated with active equine parvovirus-hepatitis infection (presence of DNA) ?
The risk of active EqPV-H infection increases with increasing age.
Significantly, higher probability of active EqPV-H infection was identified in 16 to 31-year-old horses vs 1 to 8 yo and 9 to 15 yo.
Active equine parvovirus- hepatitis infection is most frequently
detected in Austrian horses of advanced age
evj 2022
What methods of horizontal transmission are currently ‘proven’ for EqPV-H? (several possible answers)
A- Oral transmission
B- Nasal transmission
C- Oro-fecal transmission
D- Insect-vectoring
E- Equine origin biologic products
B- Nasal transmission
E- Equine origin biologic products
Nasal transmission of equine parvovirus hepatitis
jvim 2022
In which samples EqPV-H DNA could be detected ?
In one recent study, EqPV-H DNA was detected in nasal secretions and feces of viremic horses (serum). Also detected in oral secretions in other studies.
Risk of horizontal transmission ?
Subclinical infection and potential shedding routes of equine parvovirus-hepatitis among hospitalized horses in Austria
jvim 2024
What are the characteristics of the new seasonal idiopathic hepatitis syndrome? (several answers)
A- Cyclic fever and anorexia
B- Cyclic fever and colic
C- Hepatocellular necrosis (histology)
D- Megalocytosis (histology)
E- During winter and spring
F- During summer and autumn
G- Fatal disease with liver failure
H- Self-resolving
A- Cyclic fever and anorexia
C- Hepatocellular necrosis at histo
E- During winter and spring
H- Self-resolving (with NSAIDs)
A seasonal idiopathic hepatitis syndrome in horses presented to a Midwestern veterinary teaching hospital
javma 2023
In Thoroughbred racehorses, GGT activity increases with :
- racing frequency,
- earnings,
- age,
- cumulative training load,
- distance
It has been demonstrated that GGT activity increases with racing frequency and cumulative training load.
Investigating the pathogenesis of high- serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in Thoroughbred racehorses: A series of case- control studies
evj 2022
Is viral hepatitis associated with the pathogenesis of high-serum GGT activity in TB racehorses ?
We conclude that high GGT syndrome is likely a complex metabolic disorder and that viral hepatitis was not identified as a cause for this syndrome in this cohort of racehorses.
Investigating the pathogenesis of high- serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in Thoroughbred racehorses: A series of case- control studies
evj 2022
Is pancreatitis or vitamin E deficiency associated with the pathogenesis of high-serum GGT activity in TB racehorses ?
Serum lipase and amylase activity and α-tocopherol concentrations did not differ between groups.
Investigation of high gamma-glutamyltransferase syndrome in California Thoroughbred racehorses
jvim 2022
What is the current hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of high GGT syndrome in TB and SB racehorses ?
- Genetic disorder
- Vitamin E and selenium deficiency
- Viral hepatitis
- Oxidative stress
- Enhanced glutathione recycling
- Mild cholestasis
- Hepatocellular injury
- Enhanced Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS)
An underlying genetic etiology may exist for high GGT syndrome in racing TB.
Enhanced glutathione recycling by the liver and mild cholestasis are possible explanations.
Investigation of high gamma-glutamyltransferase syndrome in California Thoroughbred racehorses
jvim 2022
Case–control exercise challenge study on the pathogenesis of high serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in racehorses
evj 2023
