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MRCP Combined > Nematodes > Flashcards

Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis - where are larvae found?

A

soil - gain access to body by penetrating the skin

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2
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis features

A

Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, papulovesicular lesions

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3
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis treatment

A

Ivermectin and bendazoles

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4
Q

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) features

A

peri-anal itching particularly @ night

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5
Q

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) how to diagnose?

A

Apply sticky plastic tape to perianal area and send to lab for microscopy to see eggs

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6
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms) - how does this cause disease ?

A

Larvae penetrate skin of feet; GI infection –> anaemia

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7
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms) treatment?

A

Bendazoles

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8
Q

Loa loa transmission

A

deer fly and mango fly

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9
Q

Loa loa symptoms

A

Red itchy swellings below the skin called ‘Calabar swellings’ - may be observed when crossing conjunctivae

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10
Q

Loa loa treatment

A

Diethylcarbamazine

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11
Q

Trichinella spiralis cause

A

Occurs after eating raw pork

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12
Q

Trichinella spiralis features

A

Fever, periorbital oesema, myositis (larvae encyst in muscle)

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13
Q

Trichinella spiralis treatment

A

Bendazoles

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14
Q

Onchocerca volvulus cause?

A

Female blackflies - causes ‘RIVER BLINDNESS’

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15
Q

Onchocerca volvulus features

A

blindness, hyperpigmented skin, possible allergic reaction to microfilaria

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16
Q

Onchocerca volvulus treatment

A

IVERMectin - RIVERblindness

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17
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti transmission

A

Female mosquito

18
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti symptoms

A

blockage of lymphatics - elephantiasis

19
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti treatment

A

Diethylcarbamazine

20
Q

Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) transmission

A

Ingestion of infective eggs

21
Q

Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) features

A

Visceral larva migrans and retinal granulomas - VISCious dogs –> blindness

22
Q

Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) treatment

A

Diethylcarbamazine

23
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) features

A

Intestinal obstruction and occasionally migrate to lung (Loffler’s syndrome)

24
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) treatment

A

Bendazoles

25
Q

Echinococcus granulosus transmission

A

Ingestion of eggs in dog faeces

26
Q

Echinococcus granulosus features

A

Liver cysts and anaphylaxis if cyst ruptures

27
Q

Echinococcus granulosus treatment

A

Bendazoles

28
Q

Taenia solium transmission

A

Often transmitted after eating undercooked pork

29
Q

taenia solium symptoms

A

Causes cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis, mass lesions in the brain ‘swiss cheese appearance’

30
Q

taenia solium treatment

A

bendazoles

31
Q

Schistosoma haematobium transmission

A

Hosted by snails, release cercariae that penetrate skin

32
Q

Schistosoma haematobium symptoms

A

Swimmers itch - frequency, haematuria
Risk factor for squamous cell bladder cancer

33
Q

Schistosoma haematobium treatment

A

Praziquantel

34
Q

Paragonimus westermani cause

A

Undercooked crabmeat

35
Q

Paragonimus westermani symptoms

A

secondary bacterial infection of lungs

36
Q

Paragonimus westermani treatment

A

Praziquantel

37
Q

Clonorchis sinensis cause

A

caused by undercooked fish

38
Q

Clonorchis sinensis features

A

Features include biliary tract inflammation. Known risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma

39
Q

Clonorchis sinensis treatment

A

Praziquantel

40
Q

Fasciola hepatica (the liver fluke) symptoms

A

May cause biliary obstruction

41
Q

Fasciola hepatica (the liver fluke) treatment

A

Triclabendazole

MRCP Combined (58 decks)

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