Nematodes Flashcards
Strongyloides stercoralis - where are larvae found?
soil - gain access to body by penetrating the skin
Strongyloides stercoralis features
Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, papulovesicular lesions
Strongyloides stercoralis treatment
Ivermectin and bendazoles
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) features
peri-anal itching particularly @ night
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) how to diagnose?
Apply sticky plastic tape to perianal area and send to lab for microscopy to see eggs
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms) - how does this cause disease ?
Larvae penetrate skin of feet; GI infection –> anaemia
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms) treatment?
Bendazoles
Loa loa transmission
deer fly and mango fly
Loa loa symptoms
Red itchy swellings below the skin called ‘Calabar swellings’ - may be observed when crossing conjunctivae
Loa loa treatment
Diethylcarbamazine
Trichinella spiralis cause
Occurs after eating raw pork
Trichinella spiralis features
Fever, periorbital oesema, myositis (larvae encyst in muscle)
Trichinella spiralis treatment
Bendazoles
Onchocerca volvulus cause?
Female blackflies - causes ‘RIVER BLINDNESS’
Onchocerca volvulus features
blindness, hyperpigmented skin, possible allergic reaction to microfilaria
Onchocerca volvulus treatment
IVERMectin - RIVERblindness
Wuchereria bancrofti transmission
Female mosquito
Wuchereria bancrofti symptoms
blockage of lymphatics - elephantiasis
Wuchereria bancrofti treatment
Diethylcarbamazine
Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) transmission
Ingestion of infective eggs
Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) features
Visceral larva migrans and retinal granulomas - VISCious dogs –> blindness
Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) treatment
Diethylcarbamazine
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) features
Intestinal obstruction and occasionally migrate to lung (Loffler’s syndrome)
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) treatment
Bendazoles
Echinococcus granulosus transmission
Ingestion of eggs in dog faeces
Echinococcus granulosus features
Liver cysts and anaphylaxis if cyst ruptures
Echinococcus granulosus treatment
Bendazoles
Taenia solium transmission
Often transmitted after eating undercooked pork
taenia solium symptoms
Causes cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis, mass lesions in the brain ‘swiss cheese appearance’
taenia solium treatment
bendazoles
Schistosoma haematobium transmission
Hosted by snails, release cercariae that penetrate skin
Schistosoma haematobium symptoms
Swimmers itch - frequency, haematuria
Risk factor for squamous cell bladder cancer
Schistosoma haematobium treatment
Praziquantel
Paragonimus westermani cause
Undercooked crabmeat
Paragonimus westermani symptoms
secondary bacterial infection of lungs
Paragonimus westermani treatment
Praziquantel
Clonorchis sinensis cause
caused by undercooked fish
Clonorchis sinensis features
Features include biliary tract inflammation. Known risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinensis treatment
Praziquantel
Fasciola hepatica (the liver fluke) symptoms
May cause biliary obstruction
Fasciola hepatica (the liver fluke) treatment
Triclabendazole
