Miscellaneous Flashcards
What is hereditary angioedema?
is an autosomal dominant condition associated with low plasma
levels of the C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) protein. C1-INH is a multifunctional serine protease inhibitor - the
probable mechanism behind attacks is uncontrolled release of bradykinin resulting in edema of tissues
What are the investigations for hereditary angioedema?
C1-INH level is low during an attack
low C2 and C4 levels are seen, even between attacks. Serum C4 is the most reliable and widely used screening tool
What are the symptoms of herditary angioedema?
attacks may be proceeded by painful macular rash
painless, non-pruritic swelling of subcutaneous/submucosal tissues
may affect upper airways, skin or abdominal organs (can occasionally present as abdominal pain due to visceral oedema)
urticaria is not usually a feature
What is the treatment for hereditary angioedema?
Acute: IV C1-inhibitor concentrate or FFP
• Anabolic steroid; Danazol may help
Tumour markers:
CA 125
ovarian cancer
Tumour markers:
ca 19-9
Pancreatic cancer
Tumour Markers;
CA 15-3
Breast Ca
Tumour markers
Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
Prostate ca
Tumour markers:
α -feto protein (AFP)
hepatocellular carcinoma, teratoma
Tumour markers:
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Colon ca
describe:
• Autograft
• Isograft:
• Allograft:
• Xenograft:
• Orthotopic transplant:
• Heterotropic transplant:
• Autograft: when the same individual acts as donor and recipient
• Isograft: when donor and recipient are genetically identical
• Allograft: when donor and recipient are genetically dissimilar but belong to same species
• Xenograft: when donor and recipient belong to different species
• Orthotopic transplant: when the transplanted part is placed in its normal anatomical location
• Heterotropic transplant: when the transplanted part is placed in different anatomical location
