Nematoda Strongylida Flashcards
___________ egg is thin shelled, oval and 80x40um.
Uncinaria stenocephala egg is thin shelled, oval and 80x40um.
L3 Infective stage
Egg in feces
Fecal Float for DX
Adults large and thick bodied
Large buccal capsule with leaf crowns
Culture to L3 in order to differentiate
Egg thin shelled with morula
Superfamily Strongyloidea
Stephanurus dentatus eggs are found in the _________.
Stephanurus dentatus eggs are found in the urine.
____________ adults are less than 9mm long, reddish and normally coiled in the mucosa of small intestine
**Cooperia spp **adults are less than 9mm long, reddish and normally coiled in the mucosa of small intestine
__________ adults are white and range from 1-3cm in length.
Oesophagostomum spp adults are white and range from 1-3cm in length.
_____________ requires a freeze thaw period for the L3 to hatch.
**Nematodirus spp ** requires a freeze thaw period for the L3 to hatch.
Life Cycle of Ostertagia ostertagi
L3 enter abomasal glands and emerge as L5
Adult live in abomasum
L4 develop and arrest when environment is unfavorable
L3 can survive on pasture over winter
Life cycle of Dictyocaulus spp
Female pass egg
Hatch to L1 and coughed up and passed in feces
L3 infective
L3 migrages though intestinal wall
via lymph and blood travel to lungs
Uncinaria stenocephala is distributed in _____________.
Uncinaria stenocephala is distributed in cool climates.
Common name of Stephanurus dentatus is the _______________.
Common name of Stephanurus dentatus is the Kidney Worm.
___________ suffer more from Dictyocaulus filarial
Goats suffer more from Dictyocaulus filarial
____________ can be secondary to a primary health problem.
Ancylostoma caninum can be secondary to a primary health problem.
Common name of Haemonchus placei is _________.
Common name of Haemonchus placei is Barber pole worm.
The common name of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is ____________.
The common name of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is Meningeal worm.
Metastrongylus spp
Ancylostoma caninum is distributed in _________.
Ancylostoma caninum is distributed in warm climates.
Life cycle of Ancylostoma caninum
L 3 Ingested
Migrate and travel to small intestine to develop into adult or travel to skeletal muscle and enter state of arrested development.
Type II Ostertagia
Emergence of many immature adults at one time after arresting
Mortality high
Life Cycle of Oesophagostomum spp
L3 ingested and enter mucosa of large intestine
Enclose in nodules and molt to L4
L4 can remain in nodule for 1 year
L4 emerge and develop to adult in lumen
Common name for Syngamus trachea is the ________.
Common name for Syngamus trachea is the gapeworm.
Life cycle of Syngamus trachea
Larvae develop to L3 in egg
Ingest hatched L3, egg w/L3 or PH
Larvae encyst in PH
L3 migrate in bird from intestine to liver then to lungs
Develop to L4 in lungs then to L5 Form male/female pairs and migrate to trachea
Eggs are coughed up, swallowed and passed in feces
____________ is the most important parasite of cattle in the USA.
Ostertagia ostertagi is the most important parasite of cattle in the USA.
PPP of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is _______.
PPP of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is 6-12 weeks
Host of Uncinaria stenocephala
Dogs and Cats
Host of Hyostrongylus rubidus
Swine
___________ adult is brown, hairlike, 1-3cm long but difficult to discern with the naked eye, embedded in lung tissue.
**Muellerius spp **adult is brown, hairlike, 1-3cm long but difficult to discern with the naked eye, embedded in lung tissue.
IH of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Snails and Slugs
Distribution of Oesophagostomum spp is ______________.
Distribution of Oesophagostomum spp is worldwide.
Diagnosis of Stephanurus dentatus
Urine Floatation
Meat Inspection
Clinical signs of _____________ are caused by L4 emergence, diarrhea without or without weight loss, general debility, weakness and cachexia, edema, intussusception and colic are seen.
Clinical signs of Cyathostomins are caused by L4 emergence, diarrhea without or without weight loss, general debility, weakness and cachexia, edema, intussusception and colic are seen.
The common name for Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is __________.
The common name for Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is cat lungworm.
Common name of Nematodirus spp is __________.
Common name of Nematodirus spp is Long Neck Bankrupt Worm.
_____________ adults are slender white nemotodes found in the bronchi and trachea.
Dictylococulus sppadults are slender white nemotodes found in the bronchi and trachea.
Host of Dictyocaulus filarial
Goats and Sheep
Aberrent host of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
Equine, Sheep and Goats
Treatment of Ancylostoma caninum
Treat pregnant bitches during pregnancy
Several treatments required to assure arrested stages treated
Common name of Ostertagia ostertagi is _____________.
Common name of Ostertagia ostertagi is Brown Stomach Worm.
__________ egg contains L1 with slightly irregular exterior, can be seen with a fecal float
**Metastrongylus spp **egg contains L1 with slightly irregular exterior, can be seen with a fecal float
Stephanurus dentatus is distributed __________.
Stephanurus dentatus is distributed worldwide.
Filaroides (Osleurus) osler is distributed ___________.
Filaroides (Osleurus) osler is distributed worldwide.
Diagnosis of Chabertia ovina
Fecal Float
Host of Dictocaulus viviparous
Cattle
PPP of Metastrongylus spp is _________.
PPP of Metastrongylus spp is 4 weeks.
__________ and ________ adults have 3 pairs of teeth.
A. caninum and A. tubaeforme adults have 3 pairs of teeth.
___________ is the most common nematode of weaning stage cattle with Ostertagia.
**Cooperia spp **is the most common nematode of weaning stage cattle with Ostertagia.
Adult ___________ are found in kidneys, walls of ureter and in capsules in the peri-renal fat.
Adult ** Stephanurus dentatus ** are found in kidneys, walls of ureter and in capsules in the peri-renal fat.
In the aberrant host __________ larvae invade the nervous tissue resulting in neurologic disease.
In the aberrant host Parelaphostrongylus tenuis larvae invade the nervous tissue resulting in neurologic disease.
Clinical signs of ___________ include anemia, bottle jaw and diarrhea.
Clinical signs of Bunostomum spp include anemia, bottle jaw and diarrhea.
Syngamus trachea
____________ egg is oval thin-shelled and 60x40um.
Ancylostomatoidea egg is oval thin-shelled and 60x40um.
Dictylocoulous spp are distributed __________.
Dictylocoulous spp are distributed** worldwide**.
Host of Syngamus trachea
Avian
Common name of Teladorsagia circumcincta is ______________.
Common name of Teladorsagia circumcincta is Brown Stomach Worm.
Haemonchus placei is distributed throughout _______ and _____________.
Haemonchus placei is distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions.
___________ egg is large, 130um with a distinctive cell inside.
**Nematodirus spp **egg is large, 130um with a distinctive cell inside.
______________ adults are 1cm in length, slender and delicate, difficult to recover intact.
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus adults are 1cm in length, slender and delicate, difficult to recover intact.
Bunostomum spp is distributed in ___________.
Bunostomum spp is distributed in cooler climates.
Chabertia ovina is most pathogenic in _______ and __________.
Chabertia ovina is most pathogenic in sheep and goats.
Host of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi
Donkey
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is distributed ________.
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is distributed worldwide
___________ egg is 70-100 x 43-36um, has a thick operculum at both ends.
Syngamus trachea egg is 70-100 x 43-36um, has a thick operculum at both ends.
Life cycle of Metastrongylus spp
Egg containing L1 pass up trachea, swallowed and passed in feces
Egg ingested by earthworm
L1 develop to L3 in earthworm
Pig consumes earthworm with L3
L3 released, migrate to mesenteric lymph node and molts
Migrate via lymphatic route to lungs
Common name for Haemonchus contortus is the _____________.
Common name for Haemonchus contortus is the Barber pole worm.
Common name of Muellerius spp is ___________.
Common name of Muellerius spp is Lung worm.
Acute disease of __________ occurs when older dogs are exposed to high levels. Clinical signs include anemia, diarrhea and lassitude.
Acute disease of **Ancylostoma caninum **occurs when older dogs are exposed to high levels. Clinical signs include anemia, diarrhea and lassitude.
Life Cycle of Cyathostomins
L3 enter large intestinal wall
After 1-2 mos and molting an L4 emerges
Diagnosis of Ostertagia ostertagi
Clinical signs
Seasonality
Grazing history
Fecal egg count
L3 identification
Necropsy
Nematodirus spp is distributed throughout ___________.
Nematodirus spp is distributed throughout temperate areas.
Egg to L3 of Ancylostoma caninum occurs in __________.
Egg to L3 of Ancylostoma caninum occurs in < 1 week.
Metastrongylus spp is distributed __________.
Metastrongylus spp is distributed Worldwide.
Clinical signs of ____________ include anorexia, enteritis, hyperplasia and ulcerations.
Clinical signs of **Oesophagostomum spp **include anorexia, enteritis, hyperplasia and ulcerations.
Clinical signs of _______ are the same as A. caninum but less severe.
Clinical signs of Ancylostoma tubaeforme are the same as A. caninum but less severe.
Host of Oesophagostomum spp
Swine, Bovine, Ovine, Caprine
Host of Ostertagia ostertagi
Cattle
Larvae of _________ are the most pathogenic of the large strongyles
Larvae of Strongylus vulgaris are the most pathogenic of the large strongyles
_______________ adult is small, hairlike greyish, resides in tracheobronchial nodules in trachiobronchial bifurcation
**Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri **adult is small, hairlike greyish, resides in tracheobronchial nodules in trachiobronchial bifurcation
Life cycle of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
L3 infective, ingested and enter mucosa of intestine
Pass via blood to lungs
Egg with L1 in nests in lung parenchyma
Eggs hatch releasing L1 and coughed up swallowed and passed in feces
L1 to L3 in IH
PH consume IH
FH consume IH or PH
Chronic disease of ___________ can occur without clinical signs, but when present weight loss, poor hair coat and loss of appetite can be seen.
Chronic disease of Ancylostoma caninum can occur without clinical signs, but when present weight loss, poor hair coat and loss of appetite can be seen.
PPP of Cyathostomin is ____________.
PPP of Cyathostomin is** 1.5-4 months**.
Clinical signs of _____________ are fever, anorexia, constipation and reddish urine.
Clinical signs of Strongylus edentatus are fever, anorexia, constipation and reddish urine.
Trichostrongylus spp are distributed __________
Trichostrongylus spp are distributed worldwide
Chabertia ovina is distributed throughout _______, ________ and _________.
Chabertia ovina is distributed throughout Europe, Austrailia and Africa.
Host of Dictylocoulus spp
Cattle, Sheep, Goats and Equine
Cooperia spp are distributed ____________.
Cooperia spp are distributed worldwide.
Host of Cooperia spp
Cattle
Host of Mellerius spp
Sheep and Goats
Peracute disease of __________ occurs from transmamary infection and has clinical signs of anemia, diarrhea with partially digested blood and lassitude.
Peracute disease of Ancylostoma caninum occurs from transmamary infection and has clinical signs of anemia, diarrhea with partially digested blood and lassitude.
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi is pathogenic in __________ but does not reach patency
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi is pathogenic in **Horses **but does not reach patency
Host of Nematodirus spp
Sheep
PPP of Syngamus trachea is _____________.
PPP of Syngamus trachea is 18-21 days.
L3 of ____________ overwinter in pasture.
L3 of Trichostrongylus spp overwinter in pasture.
__________ adult is 3-4 cm long has a globular mouth capsule with one large tooth with bifid tip at base of mouth capsule and two smaller subventral teeth.
Strongylus equinus adult is 3-4 cm long has a globular mouth capsule with one large tooth with bifid tip at base of mouth capsule and two smaller subventral teeth.
Ancylostomatoidea
Hookworms
PPP of Strongylus equinus is ___________.
PPP of Strongylus equinus is 9 months.
Common names for __________ are Nodular Worm and Pimply worm.
Common names for Oesophagostomum spp are Nodular Worm and Pimply worm.
Host of Ancylostoma braziliense
Dogs and Cats
Lambs contaminate pasture, L3 not available for consumption until the following grazing season
Nematodirus battus
___________ are considered the most important equine parasite.
Cyathostomin are considered the most important equine parasite.
Nematodirus battus causes _____________ disease.
Nematodirus battus causes lamb to lamb disease.
___________ is the origin of infection of Cyathostomins for the foal.
Mare is the origin of infection of Cyathostomins for the foal.
Host of Teladorsagia circumcinta
Sheep and Goats
PPP of Oesophagostomum spp is ________.
PPP of Oesophagostomum spp is 3 weeks.
_______________________
Varies by species!
Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri may be misdiagnosed as ____________.
Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri may be misdiagnosed as Kennel Cough.
___________ is the infective stage.
**L3 **is the infective stage.
PPP of Stephanurus dentatus is _________.
PPP of Stephanurus dentatus is 6-9 months.
Prevetion of Ancyolstoma caninum
Hygiene
PPP of Ostertagia ostertagi is ________.
PPP of Ostertagia ostertagi is 21 days.
Adult female of __________ identified because of the white ovaries wind spirally around the blood filled intestine, found in the abomasum.
Adult female of Haemonchus contortus identified because of the white ovaries wind spirally around the blood filled intestine, found in the abomasum.
Host of Ancylostoma tubaeforme
Cats
Hyostrongylus rubidus is distributed _________.
Hyostrongylus rubidus is distributed worldwide.
In __________ the immune system reaction results in nodules that increase with consecutive infection.
In **Oesophagostomum spp **the immune system reaction results in nodules that increase with consecutive infection.
Bunostomum spp affects __________ animals more commonly.
Bunostomum spp affects** younger** animals more commonly.
H:Equine
Adults are plug feeders
Larval stages migrate through organs with migration patterns
Adults more pathogenic
Once considered a critical parasite
Subfamily: Strongylinae
Large Strongyles
Type I Ostertagia
Emergence of immature adults over extended period of time.
Morbidity high, mortality rare
_____________ is the most zoonotic hookworm.
**Ancylostoma braziliense **is the most zoonotic hookworm.
Syngamus trachea is distributed ___________.
Syngamus trachea is distributed Worldwide.
PPP of Ancylotomatoidea is ___________.
PPP of Ancylotomatoidea is 2-3 weeks.
Hosts of Chabertia ovia
Ovine, Caprine, Bovine
Host of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Cats
LIfe Cycle of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri
L1 infective
All stages develop in respiratory tract
Larvae hatch before being expelled in sputum or coughed up and swallowed and passed in feces
Infection by regurgitated stomaach contents
L1 can be passed directly from bitches to pups via saliva
Nematodirus spp
_________ adult found in the small intestine, female has a spine on the tip of the tail.
Nematodirus spp. adult found in the small intestine, female has a spine on the tip of the tail.
PPP of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri is __________.
PPP of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri is 10-18weeks.
Hosts of Bunostomum spp
Bovine and Ovine
Most common route of infection for Bunostomum spp is _______________.
Most common route of infection for Bunostomum spp is percutaneously.
Life Cycle of Muellerius spp
L1 found in feces and infect IH to develop to L3
Sheep infected by ingesting IH
L3 travel to the lungs by lymphatic vascular route
Molt in mesenteric lymph node and lungs
Host for Ancylostoma caninum
Dogs
PPP of Strongylus vulgaris is __________.
PPP of Strongylus vulgaris is 6 months.
Prevention of Oesophagostomum spp
Avoid unhygenic conditions
___________ adults are less than 2cm and have a rectangular or square mouth capsule.
Cyathostomin adults are less than 2cm and have a rectangular or square mouth capsule.
_______ of Filaroides osleri is found in the feces or sputum.
**L1 **of Filaroides osleri is found in the feces or sputum.
Live in the abomasum of ruminants, stomach of non-ruminants or the small intestine
Have Direct life cycle
L3 infective stage
Typical strongylid egg
Culture L3 required for differntiation
Most damage to young grazing animals
Immunity develop after exposure
L3 left on pasture
Feces type aids in survival of parasites
PPR
Trichostrongyloidea Superfamily
Host of Haemonchus placei
Bovine
PPP of Muellerius spp is ________.
PPP of Muellerius spp is 6-10 weeks.
Clinical signs of _________ can occur prior to finding eggs in the fecal float.
Clinical signs of** Chabertia ovina** can occur prior to finding eggs in the fecal float.
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi
Host of Stephanurus dentatus
Swine
Teladorsagia circumcincta is distributed __________.
Teladorsagia circumcincta is distributed worldwide.
________ adults are 3-4cm have globular mouth capsule with no teeth.
Strongylus endentatus adults are 3-4cm have globular mouth capsule with no teeth.
Haemonchus contortus is distributed ___________.
Haemonchus contortus is distributed Worldwide.
Paratenic host of Stephanurus dentatus
Earthworm
In ___________ infections hematology would show increased beta-globulins, decreased albumin and increased WBC
In **Cyathostomin **infections hematology would show increased beta-globulins, decreased albumin and increased WBC
Host of Metastrongylus spp
Swine
Modes of infection of Ancylostoma caninum
Percutaneous, Per os, Paratenic host, Transmammary, Transplacental
__________ adult is 1-2 cm have globular mouth capsule and two dorsal ear shaped teeth.
Strongylus vulgaris adult is 1-2 cm have globular mouth capsule and two dorsal ear shaped teeth.
Hosts of Haemonchus controtus
Sheep and Goats
Common name of Metastrongylus spp is _________.
Common name of Metastrongylus spp is Pig Lungworm.
Distribution of Ancylostoma tubaeforme is in_________.
Distribution of Ancylostoma tubaeforme is in** warm climates**.
Commoon name of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri is the ________
Commoon name of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri is the tracheal worm
__________ adult has 1 pair of teeth.
Ancylostoma braziliense adult has 1 pair of teeth.
Larve of _______ are more pathogenic than adults
Larve of Cyathostomins are more pathogenic than adults
____________ can occur at percutaneous infection sites.
Eczema can occur at percutaneous infection sites.
Host of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri
Dogs
PH of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Birds, Rodents, Frogs
Egg to L3 of Oesophagostomum occurs in less than _________.
Egg to L3 of Oesophagostomum occurs in less than 10days.
Infect the respiratory, vascular and nervous systems of mammals
Indirect life cycles involving a snail or slug
L1 diagnostic stage
Baermann used to diagnose
Metastrongyloidea subfamily
____________ creates small, spherical nodular lesions near or on the lung surface the look like “lead shot”
**Muellerius spp ** creates small, spherical nodular lesions near or on the lung surface the look like “lead shot”
Diagnosis of Dictylocoulus spp
L1 in feces with Baermann
Egg recovered by Broncho-alveolar lavage
Clinical sign of ______________ is occasional diarrhea.
Clinical sign of Ancylostoma braziliense is occasional diarrhea.
PPP of Bunostomum spp is _________.
PPP of Bunostomum spp is 2 months.
Ancylostoma braziliense is distributed in __________.
Ancylostoma braziliense is distributed in warm climates.
Common names of ____________ include Lungworm, Husk, Hoose and Verminous Pneumonia.
Common names of Dictylocoulus spp include Lungworm, Husk, Hoose and Verminous Pneumonia.
___________ adult is slender, white up to 6cm long and found in the small bronchi and bronchioles
Metastrongylus spp adult is slender, white up to 6cm long and found in the small bronchi and bronchioles
PPP of Nematodirus spp is _________.
PPP of Nematodirus spp is 3 weeks.
Souther hookworm is the common name for _____________.
Souther hookworm is the common name for Ancylostoma caninum.
____________ causes a reduction in functional gastric glands, a thickened hyperplastic gastric mucosa described as “Moroccan Leather”
Ostertagia ostertagi causes a reduction in functional gastric glands, a thickened hyperplastic gastric mucosa described as “Moroccan Leather”
Host specific
Cause Cutaneous Larval Migrations in humans
Adults 1-2 cm in length, large buccal capsule with modifications and are blood feeders
Eggs are thin-shelled and oval
L4 has “Hook” posture
Young animals are more susceptible
Ancylostomatoidea
“Hookworms”
Clinical signs of ____________ include anemia, diarrhea, and interdigital dermatits with subsequent percutaneous infections
Clinical signs of Uncinaria stenocephala include anemia, diarrhea, and interdigital dermatits with subsequent percutaneous infections
IH of Muellerius spp
Molluscs
Hyostrongylus rubidus
Paratenic host of Syngamus trachea
Earthworm
L3 of ________ do not survive well on pasture
L3 of Teladorsagia circumcincta do not survive well on pasture
Diagnosis of Syngamus trachea
Clinical signs
Fecal Float
Necropsy
Muellerius spp is distributed ________.
Muellerius spp is distributed worldwide.
IH of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
Molluscs
PPP of Strongylus edentatus is _________.
PPP of Strongylus edentatus is 11 months.
Strongylus vulgaris is considered the __________ pathogenic.
Strongylus vulgaris is considered the least pathogenic.
Host of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
White tailed deer
Common name of __________ is the Large Mouthed Bowel Worm.
Common name of** Chabertia ovina** is the Large Mouthed Bowel Worm.
IH of Metastrongylus spp
Earthworm
_____________ adults are red in color and found in permanent copulation forming a “y”
Syngamus trachea adults are red in color and found in permanent copulation forming a “y”
Host of Trichostrongylus spp
Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Horses
Dictyocaulus spp
PPP of Dictyocaulus spp is _________.
PPP of Dictyocaulus spp is 3-5 weeks.
Ostertagia ostertagi is distributed ___________.
Ostertagia ostertagi is distributed worldwide
