Nematoda Strongylida Flashcards

1
Q

___________ egg is thin shelled, oval and 80x40um.

A

Uncinaria stenocephala egg is thin shelled, oval and 80x40um.

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1
Q

L3 Infective stage

Egg in feces

Fecal Float for DX

Adults large and thick bodied

Large buccal capsule with leaf crowns

Culture to L3 in order to differentiate

Egg thin shelled with morula

A

Superfamily Strongyloidea

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2
Q

Stephanurus dentatus eggs are found in the _________.

A

Stephanurus dentatus eggs are found in the urine.

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2
Q

____________ adults are less than 9mm long, reddish and normally coiled in the mucosa of small intestine

A

**Cooperia spp **adults are less than 9mm long, reddish and normally coiled in the mucosa of small intestine

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3
Q

__________ adults are white and range from 1-3cm in length.

A

Oesophagostomum spp adults are white and range from 1-3cm in length.

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3
Q

_____________ requires a freeze thaw period for the L3 to hatch.

A

**Nematodirus spp ** requires a freeze thaw period for the L3 to hatch.

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4
Q

Life Cycle of Ostertagia ostertagi

A

L3 enter abomasal glands and emerge as L5

Adult live in abomasum

L4 develop and arrest when environment is unfavorable

L3 can survive on pasture over winter

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4
Q

Life cycle of Dictyocaulus spp

A

Female pass egg

Hatch to L1 and coughed up and passed in feces

L3 infective

L3 migrages though intestinal wall

via lymph and blood travel to lungs

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5
Q

Uncinaria stenocephala is distributed in _____________.

A

Uncinaria stenocephala is distributed in cool climates.

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5
Q

Common name of Stephanurus dentatus is the _______________.

A

Common name of Stephanurus dentatus is the Kidney Worm.

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5
Q

___________ suffer more from Dictyocaulus filarial

A

Goats suffer more from Dictyocaulus filarial

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6
Q

____________ can be secondary to a primary health problem.

A

Ancylostoma caninum can be secondary to a primary health problem.

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7
Q

Common name of Haemonchus placei is _________.

A

Common name of Haemonchus placei is Barber pole worm.

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7
Q

The common name of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is ____________.

A

The common name of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is Meningeal worm.

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8
Q
A

Metastrongylus spp

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9
Q

Ancylostoma caninum is distributed in _________.

A

Ancylostoma caninum is distributed in warm climates.

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9
Q

Life cycle of Ancylostoma caninum

A

L 3 Ingested

Migrate and travel to small intestine to develop into adult or travel to skeletal muscle and enter state of arrested development.

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9
Q

Type II Ostertagia

A

Emergence of many immature adults at one time after arresting

Mortality high

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10
Q

Life Cycle of Oesophagostomum spp

A

L3 ingested and enter mucosa of large intestine

Enclose in nodules and molt to L4

L4 can remain in nodule for 1 year

L4 emerge and develop to adult in lumen

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11
Q

Common name for Syngamus trachea is the ________.

A

Common name for Syngamus trachea is the gapeworm.

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12
Q

Life cycle of Syngamus trachea

A

Larvae develop to L3 in egg

Ingest hatched L3, egg w/L3 or PH

Larvae encyst in PH

L3 migrate in bird from intestine to liver then to lungs

Develop to L4 in lungs then to L5 Form male/female pairs and migrate to trachea

Eggs are coughed up, swallowed and passed in feces

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13
Q

____________ is the most important parasite of cattle in the USA.

A

Ostertagia ostertagi is the most important parasite of cattle in the USA.

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14
Q

PPP of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is _______.

A

PPP of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is 6-12 weeks

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15
Q

Host of Uncinaria stenocephala

A

Dogs and Cats

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15
Q

Host of Hyostrongylus rubidus

A

Swine

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15
Q

___________ adult is brown, hairlike, 1-3cm long but difficult to discern with the naked eye, embedded in lung tissue.

A

**Muellerius spp **adult is brown, hairlike, 1-3cm long but difficult to discern with the naked eye, embedded in lung tissue.

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15
Q

IH of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

A

Snails and Slugs

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16
Q

Distribution of Oesophagostomum spp is ______________.

A

Distribution of Oesophagostomum spp is worldwide.

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17
Q

Diagnosis of Stephanurus dentatus

A

Urine Floatation

Meat Inspection

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18
Q

Clinical signs of _____________ are caused by L4 emergence, diarrhea without or without weight loss, general debility, weakness and cachexia, edema, intussusception and colic are seen.

A

Clinical signs of Cyathostomins are caused by L4 emergence, diarrhea without or without weight loss, general debility, weakness and cachexia, edema, intussusception and colic are seen.

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18
Q

The common name for Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is __________.

A

The common name for Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is cat lungworm.

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19
Q

Common name of Nematodirus spp is __________.

A

Common name of Nematodirus spp is Long Neck Bankrupt Worm.

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20
Q

_____________ adults are slender white nemotodes found in the bronchi and trachea.

A

Dictylococulus sppadults are slender white nemotodes found in the bronchi and trachea.

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21
Q

Host of Dictyocaulus filarial

A

Goats and Sheep

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21
Q

Aberrent host of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis

A

Equine, Sheep and Goats

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23
Q

Treatment of Ancylostoma caninum

A

Treat pregnant bitches during pregnancy

Several treatments required to assure arrested stages treated

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23
Q

Common name of Ostertagia ostertagi is _____________.

A

Common name of Ostertagia ostertagi is Brown Stomach Worm.

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23
Q

__________ egg contains L1 with slightly irregular exterior, can be seen with a fecal float

A

**Metastrongylus spp **egg contains L1 with slightly irregular exterior, can be seen with a fecal float

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24
Q

Stephanurus dentatus is distributed __________.

A

Stephanurus dentatus is distributed worldwide.

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25
Q

Filaroides (Osleurus) osler is distributed ___________.

A

Filaroides (Osleurus) osler is distributed worldwide.

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26
Q

Diagnosis of Chabertia ovina

A

Fecal Float

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26
Q

Host of Dictocaulus viviparous

A

Cattle

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26
Q

PPP of Metastrongylus spp is _________.

A

PPP of Metastrongylus spp is 4 weeks.

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27
Q

__________ and ________ adults have 3 pairs of teeth.

A

A. caninum and A. tubaeforme adults have 3 pairs of teeth.

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28
Q

___________ is the most common nematode of weaning stage cattle with Ostertagia.

A

**Cooperia spp **is the most common nematode of weaning stage cattle with Ostertagia.

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29
Q

Adult ___________ are found in kidneys, walls of ureter and in capsules in the peri-renal fat.

A

Adult ** Stephanurus dentatus ** are found in kidneys, walls of ureter and in capsules in the peri-renal fat.

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29
Q

In the aberrant host __________ larvae invade the nervous tissue resulting in neurologic disease.

A

In the aberrant host Parelaphostrongylus tenuis larvae invade the nervous tissue resulting in neurologic disease.

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30
Q

Clinical signs of ___________ include anemia, bottle jaw and diarrhea.

A

Clinical signs of Bunostomum spp include anemia, bottle jaw and diarrhea.

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31
Q
A

Syngamus trachea

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32
Q

____________ egg is oval thin-shelled and 60x40um.

A

Ancylostomatoidea egg is oval thin-shelled and 60x40um.

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33
Q

Dictylocoulous spp are distributed __________.

A

Dictylocoulous spp are distributed** worldwide**.

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34
Q

Host of Syngamus trachea

A

Avian

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34
Q

Common name of Teladorsagia circumcincta is ______________.

A

Common name of Teladorsagia circumcincta is Brown Stomach Worm.

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34
Q

Haemonchus placei is distributed throughout _______ and _____________.

A

Haemonchus placei is distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions.

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34
Q

___________ egg is large, 130um with a distinctive cell inside.

A

**Nematodirus spp **egg is large, 130um with a distinctive cell inside.

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34
Q

______________ adults are 1cm in length, slender and delicate, difficult to recover intact.

A

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus adults are 1cm in length, slender and delicate, difficult to recover intact.

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35
Q

Bunostomum spp is distributed in ___________.

A

Bunostomum spp is distributed in cooler climates.

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35
Q

Chabertia ovina is most pathogenic in _______ and __________.

A

Chabertia ovina is most pathogenic in sheep and goats.

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35
Q

Host of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi

A

Donkey

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35
Q

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is distributed ________.

A

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is distributed worldwide

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36
Q

___________ egg is 70-100 x 43-36um, has a thick operculum at both ends.

A

Syngamus trachea egg is 70-100 x 43-36um, has a thick operculum at both ends.

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36
Q

Life cycle of Metastrongylus spp

A

Egg containing L1 pass up trachea, swallowed and passed in feces

Egg ingested by earthworm

L1 develop to L3 in earthworm

Pig consumes earthworm with L3

L3 released, migrate to mesenteric lymph node and molts

Migrate via lymphatic route to lungs

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37
Q

Common name for Haemonchus contortus is the _____________.

A

Common name for Haemonchus contortus is the Barber pole worm.

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38
Q

Common name of Muellerius spp is ___________.

A

Common name of Muellerius spp is Lung worm.

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39
Q

Acute disease of __________ occurs when older dogs are exposed to high levels. Clinical signs include anemia, diarrhea and lassitude.

A

Acute disease of **Ancylostoma caninum **occurs when older dogs are exposed to high levels. Clinical signs include anemia, diarrhea and lassitude.

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39
Q

Life Cycle of Cyathostomins

A

L3 enter large intestinal wall

After 1-2 mos and molting an L4 emerges

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40
Q

Diagnosis of Ostertagia ostertagi

A

Clinical signs

Seasonality

Grazing history

Fecal egg count

L3 identification

Necropsy

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41
Q

Nematodirus spp is distributed throughout ___________.

A

Nematodirus spp is distributed throughout temperate areas.

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42
Q

Egg to L3 of Ancylostoma caninum occurs in __________.

A

Egg to L3 of Ancylostoma caninum occurs in < 1 week.

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43
Q

Metastrongylus spp is distributed __________.

A

Metastrongylus spp is distributed Worldwide.

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45
Q

Clinical signs of ____________ include anorexia, enteritis, hyperplasia and ulcerations.

A

Clinical signs of **Oesophagostomum spp **include anorexia, enteritis, hyperplasia and ulcerations.

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46
Q

Clinical signs of _______ are the same as A. caninum but less severe.

A

Clinical signs of Ancylostoma tubaeforme are the same as A. caninum but less severe.

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47
Q

Host of Oesophagostomum spp

A

Swine, Bovine, Ovine, Caprine

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47
Q

Host of Ostertagia ostertagi

A

Cattle

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48
Q

Larvae of _________ are the most pathogenic of the large strongyles

A

Larvae of Strongylus vulgaris are the most pathogenic of the large strongyles

49
Q

_______________ adult is small, hairlike greyish, resides in tracheobronchial nodules in trachiobronchial bifurcation

A

**Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri **adult is small, hairlike greyish, resides in tracheobronchial nodules in trachiobronchial bifurcation

50
Q

Life cycle of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

A

L3 infective, ingested and enter mucosa of intestine

Pass via blood to lungs

Egg with L1 in nests in lung parenchyma

Eggs hatch releasing L1 and coughed up swallowed and passed in feces

L1 to L3 in IH

PH consume IH

FH consume IH or PH

52
Q

Chronic disease of ___________ can occur without clinical signs, but when present weight loss, poor hair coat and loss of appetite can be seen.

A

Chronic disease of Ancylostoma caninum can occur without clinical signs, but when present weight loss, poor hair coat and loss of appetite can be seen.

54
Q

PPP of Cyathostomin is ____________.

A

PPP of Cyathostomin is** 1.5-4 months**.

56
Q

Clinical signs of _____________ are fever, anorexia, constipation and reddish urine.

A

Clinical signs of Strongylus edentatus are fever, anorexia, constipation and reddish urine.

57
Q

Trichostrongylus spp are distributed __________

A

Trichostrongylus spp are distributed worldwide

58
Q

Chabertia ovina is distributed throughout _______, ________ and _________.

A

Chabertia ovina is distributed throughout Europe, Austrailia and Africa.

58
Q

Host of Dictylocoulus spp

A

Cattle, Sheep, Goats and Equine

59
Q

Cooperia spp are distributed ____________.

A

Cooperia spp are distributed worldwide.

60
Q

Host of Cooperia spp

A

Cattle

60
Q

Host of Mellerius spp

A

Sheep and Goats

62
Q

Peracute disease of __________ occurs from transmamary infection and has clinical signs of anemia, diarrhea with partially digested blood and lassitude.

A

Peracute disease of Ancylostoma caninum occurs from transmamary infection and has clinical signs of anemia, diarrhea with partially digested blood and lassitude.

62
Q

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi is pathogenic in __________ but does not reach patency

A

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi is pathogenic in **Horses **but does not reach patency

62
Q

Host of Nematodirus spp

A

Sheep

64
Q

PPP of Syngamus trachea is _____________.

A

PPP of Syngamus trachea is 18-21 days.

65
Q

L3 of ____________ overwinter in pasture.

A

L3 of Trichostrongylus spp overwinter in pasture.

67
Q

__________ adult is 3-4 cm long has a globular mouth capsule with one large tooth with bifid tip at base of mouth capsule and two smaller subventral teeth.

A

Strongylus equinus adult is 3-4 cm long has a globular mouth capsule with one large tooth with bifid tip at base of mouth capsule and two smaller subventral teeth.

68
Q
A

Ancylostomatoidea

Hookworms

70
Q

PPP of Strongylus equinus is ___________.

A

PPP of Strongylus equinus is 9 months.

71
Q

Common names for __________ are Nodular Worm and Pimply worm.

A

Common names for Oesophagostomum spp are Nodular Worm and Pimply worm.

72
Q

Host of Ancylostoma braziliense

A

Dogs and Cats

73
Q

Lambs contaminate pasture, L3 not available for consumption until the following grazing season

A

Nematodirus battus

75
Q

___________ are considered the most important equine parasite.

A

Cyathostomin are considered the most important equine parasite.

76
Q

Nematodirus battus causes _____________ disease.

A

Nematodirus battus causes lamb to lamb disease.

78
Q

___________ is the origin of infection of Cyathostomins for the foal.

A

Mare is the origin of infection of Cyathostomins for the foal.

79
Q

Host of Teladorsagia circumcinta

A

Sheep and Goats

81
Q

PPP of Oesophagostomum spp is ________.

A

PPP of Oesophagostomum spp is 3 weeks.

_______________________

Varies by species!

81
Q

Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri may be misdiagnosed as ____________.

A

Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri may be misdiagnosed as Kennel Cough.

83
Q

___________ is the infective stage.

A

**L3 **is the infective stage.

84
Q

PPP of Stephanurus dentatus is _________.

A

PPP of Stephanurus dentatus is 6-9 months.

86
Q

Prevetion of Ancyolstoma caninum

A

Hygiene

87
Q

PPP of Ostertagia ostertagi is ________.

A

PPP of Ostertagia ostertagi is 21 days.

88
Q

Adult female of __________ identified because of the white ovaries wind spirally around the blood filled intestine, found in the abomasum.

A

Adult female of Haemonchus contortus identified because of the white ovaries wind spirally around the blood filled intestine, found in the abomasum.

90
Q

Host of Ancylostoma tubaeforme

A

Cats

91
Q

Hyostrongylus rubidus is distributed _________.

A

Hyostrongylus rubidus is distributed worldwide.

92
Q

In __________ the immune system reaction results in nodules that increase with consecutive infection.

A

In **Oesophagostomum spp **the immune system reaction results in nodules that increase with consecutive infection.

94
Q

Bunostomum spp affects __________ animals more commonly.

A

Bunostomum spp affects** younger** animals more commonly.

95
Q

H:Equine

Adults are plug feeders

Larval stages migrate through organs with migration patterns

Adults more pathogenic

Once considered a critical parasite

A

Subfamily: Strongylinae

Large Strongyles

96
Q

Type I Ostertagia

A

Emergence of immature adults over extended period of time.

Morbidity high, mortality rare

97
Q

_____________ is the most zoonotic hookworm.

A

**Ancylostoma braziliense **is the most zoonotic hookworm.

99
Q

Syngamus trachea is distributed ___________.

A

Syngamus trachea is distributed Worldwide.

101
Q

PPP of Ancylotomatoidea is ___________.

A

PPP of Ancylotomatoidea is 2-3 weeks.

102
Q

Hosts of Chabertia ovia

A

Ovine, Caprine, Bovine

103
Q

Host of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

A

Cats

104
Q

LIfe Cycle of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri

A

L1 infective

All stages develop in respiratory tract

Larvae hatch before being expelled in sputum or coughed up and swallowed and passed in feces

Infection by regurgitated stomaach contents

L1 can be passed directly from bitches to pups via saliva

105
Q
A

Nematodirus spp

106
Q

_________ adult found in the small intestine, female has a spine on the tip of the tail.

A

Nematodirus spp. adult found in the small intestine, female has a spine on the tip of the tail.

107
Q

PPP of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri is __________.

A

PPP of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri is 10-18weeks.

109
Q

Hosts of Bunostomum spp

A

Bovine and Ovine

111
Q

Most common route of infection for Bunostomum spp is _______________.

A

Most common route of infection for Bunostomum spp is percutaneously.

112
Q

Life Cycle of Muellerius spp

A

L1 found in feces and infect IH to develop to L3

Sheep infected by ingesting IH

L3 travel to the lungs by lymphatic vascular route

Molt in mesenteric lymph node and lungs

113
Q

Host for Ancylostoma caninum

A

Dogs

115
Q

PPP of Strongylus vulgaris is __________.

A

PPP of Strongylus vulgaris is 6 months.

117
Q

Prevention of Oesophagostomum spp

A

Avoid unhygenic conditions

118
Q

___________ adults are less than 2cm and have a rectangular or square mouth capsule.

A

Cyathostomin adults are less than 2cm and have a rectangular or square mouth capsule.

119
Q

_______ of Filaroides osleri is found in the feces or sputum.

A

**L1 **of Filaroides osleri is found in the feces or sputum.

121
Q

Live in the abomasum of ruminants, stomach of non-ruminants or the small intestine

Have Direct life cycle

L3 infective stage

Typical strongylid egg

Culture L3 required for differntiation

Most damage to young grazing animals

Immunity develop after exposure

L3 left on pasture

Feces type aids in survival of parasites

PPR

A

Trichostrongyloidea Superfamily

122
Q

Host of Haemonchus placei

A

Bovine

123
Q

PPP of Muellerius spp is ________.

A

PPP of Muellerius spp is 6-10 weeks.

125
Q

Clinical signs of _________ can occur prior to finding eggs in the fecal float.

A

Clinical signs of** Chabertia ovina** can occur prior to finding eggs in the fecal float.

126
Q
A

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi

127
Q

Host of Stephanurus dentatus

A

Swine

128
Q

Teladorsagia circumcincta is distributed __________.

A

Teladorsagia circumcincta is distributed worldwide.

129
Q

________ adults are 3-4cm have globular mouth capsule with no teeth.

A

Strongylus endentatus adults are 3-4cm have globular mouth capsule with no teeth.

131
Q

Haemonchus contortus is distributed ___________.

A

Haemonchus contortus is distributed Worldwide.

132
Q

Paratenic host of Stephanurus dentatus

A

Earthworm

134
Q

In ___________ infections hematology would show increased beta-globulins, decreased albumin and increased WBC

A

In **Cyathostomin **infections hematology would show increased beta-globulins, decreased albumin and increased WBC

135
Q

Host of Metastrongylus spp

A

Swine

137
Q

Modes of infection of Ancylostoma caninum

A

Percutaneous, Per os, Paratenic host, Transmammary, Transplacental

139
Q

__________ adult is 1-2 cm have globular mouth capsule and two dorsal ear shaped teeth.

A

Strongylus vulgaris adult is 1-2 cm have globular mouth capsule and two dorsal ear shaped teeth.

140
Q

Hosts of Haemonchus controtus

A

Sheep and Goats

141
Q

Common name of Metastrongylus spp is _________.

A

Common name of Metastrongylus spp is Pig Lungworm.

143
Q

Distribution of Ancylostoma tubaeforme is in_________.

A

Distribution of Ancylostoma tubaeforme is in** warm climates**.

144
Q

Commoon name of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri is the ________

A

Commoon name of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri is the tracheal worm

146
Q

__________ adult has 1 pair of teeth.

A

Ancylostoma braziliense adult has 1 pair of teeth.

147
Q

Larve of _______ are more pathogenic than adults

A

Larve of Cyathostomins are more pathogenic than adults

149
Q

____________ can occur at percutaneous infection sites.

A

Eczema can occur at percutaneous infection sites.

150
Q

Host of Filaroides (Osleurus) osleri

A

Dogs

151
Q

PH of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

A

Birds, Rodents, Frogs

153
Q

Egg to L3 of Oesophagostomum occurs in less than _________.

A

Egg to L3 of Oesophagostomum occurs in less than 10days.

154
Q

Infect the respiratory, vascular and nervous systems of mammals

Indirect life cycles involving a snail or slug

L1 diagnostic stage

Baermann used to diagnose

A

Metastrongyloidea subfamily

155
Q

____________ creates small, spherical nodular lesions near or on the lung surface the look like “lead shot”

A

**Muellerius spp ** creates small, spherical nodular lesions near or on the lung surface the look like “lead shot”

156
Q

Diagnosis of Dictylocoulus spp

A

L1 in feces with Baermann

Egg recovered by Broncho-alveolar lavage

157
Q

Clinical sign of ______________ is occasional diarrhea.

A

Clinical sign of Ancylostoma braziliense is occasional diarrhea.

160
Q

PPP of Bunostomum spp is _________.

A

PPP of Bunostomum spp is 2 months.

161
Q

Ancylostoma braziliense is distributed in __________.

A

Ancylostoma braziliense is distributed in warm climates.

162
Q

Common names of ____________ include Lungworm, Husk, Hoose and Verminous Pneumonia.

A

Common names of Dictylocoulus spp include Lungworm, Husk, Hoose and Verminous Pneumonia.

163
Q

___________ adult is slender, white up to 6cm long and found in the small bronchi and bronchioles

A

Metastrongylus spp adult is slender, white up to 6cm long and found in the small bronchi and bronchioles

164
Q

PPP of Nematodirus spp is _________.

A

PPP of Nematodirus spp is 3 weeks.

165
Q

Souther hookworm is the common name for _____________.

A

Souther hookworm is the common name for Ancylostoma caninum.

166
Q

____________ causes a reduction in functional gastric glands, a thickened hyperplastic gastric mucosa described as “Moroccan Leather”

A

Ostertagia ostertagi causes a reduction in functional gastric glands, a thickened hyperplastic gastric mucosa described as “Moroccan Leather”

167
Q

Host specific

Cause Cutaneous Larval Migrations in humans

Adults 1-2 cm in length, large buccal capsule with modifications and are blood feeders

Eggs are thin-shelled and oval

L4 has “Hook” posture

Young animals are more susceptible

A

Ancylostomatoidea

“Hookworms”

168
Q

Clinical signs of ____________ include anemia, diarrhea, and interdigital dermatits with subsequent percutaneous infections

A

Clinical signs of Uncinaria stenocephala include anemia, diarrhea, and interdigital dermatits with subsequent percutaneous infections

169
Q

IH of Muellerius spp

A

Molluscs

170
Q
A

Hyostrongylus rubidus

171
Q

Paratenic host of Syngamus trachea

A

Earthworm

172
Q

L3 of ________ do not survive well on pasture

A

L3 of Teladorsagia circumcincta do not survive well on pasture

173
Q

Diagnosis of Syngamus trachea

A

Clinical signs

Fecal Float

Necropsy

174
Q

Muellerius spp is distributed ________.

A

Muellerius spp is distributed worldwide.

175
Q

IH of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis

A

Molluscs

176
Q

PPP of Strongylus edentatus is _________.

A

PPP of Strongylus edentatus is 11 months.

177
Q

Strongylus vulgaris is considered the __________ pathogenic.

A

Strongylus vulgaris is considered the least pathogenic.

178
Q

Host of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis

A

White tailed deer

179
Q

Common name of __________ is the Large Mouthed Bowel Worm.

A

Common name of** Chabertia ovina** is the Large Mouthed Bowel Worm.

180
Q

IH of Metastrongylus spp

A

Earthworm

181
Q

_____________ adults are red in color and found in permanent copulation forming a “y”

A

Syngamus trachea adults are red in color and found in permanent copulation forming a “y”

182
Q

Host of Trichostrongylus spp

A

Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Horses

183
Q
A

Dictyocaulus spp

184
Q

PPP of Dictyocaulus spp is _________.

A

PPP of Dictyocaulus spp is 3-5 weeks.

185
Q

Ostertagia ostertagi is distributed ___________.

A

Ostertagia ostertagi is distributed worldwide