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RUSVM Parasitology > Nematoda: Exam II > Flashcards

Nematoda: Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

Trichurius spp. belongs to the order __________ and the superfamily _____________.

A

Enoplida, Trichinelloidea

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2
Q

Hosts for Trichuris spp. include

A

Canine, Feline, Swine, Cattle, Ovine

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3
Q

Trichuris spp. go by the common name __________.

A

Whipworm

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4
Q

The adult Trichuris spp. can be described as being:

A

Shaped like a whip with a size varying by host approximately <2-6cm.

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5
Q

Trichuris spp. eggs can be described:

A

lemon shaped egg with plugs, size varies

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6
Q

Life cycle of Trichuris spp.

A
  1. Egg excreted in feces
  2. Larva embryonates and develops within thick shelled egg to L1
  3. Egg with L1 ingested by host
  4. Plugs digested and L1 is released 5. L1 penetrates glands of cecal mucosa or small intestine and migrate to the cecum to develop into adult
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7
Q

Site of infection of the Trichuris spp. adults

A

Cecum and or colon

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8
Q

Infective stage of the Trichuris spp. is the _____.

A

L1

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9
Q

Pathogenesis and Lesions caused by Trichuris spp.

A

Cause diphtheritic inflammation of cecal mucosa

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10
Q

Clinical signs of Trichuis spp.

A

Heavy infections in dogs may result in diarrhea, weight loss, etc.

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11
Q

Diagnosis of Trichuris spp.

A

Eggs in the feces

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12
Q

Treatment for Trichuris spp.

A

Anthelminitcs

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13
Q

Eggs of the Trichuis spp. can last ______.

A

years

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14
Q

Trichinella spp belongs to the order ________ and the superfamily ___________.

A

Enoplida, Trichinelloidea

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15
Q

Hosts of Trichinella spp. include

A

Mammals, birds and reptiles

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16
Q

Trichinella spp. go by the common name _________.

A

Whipworm

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17
Q

Life cycle of Trichinella spp.

A
  1. L1 encysted in striated muscle
  2. Animal ingests L1 in muscle
  3. Larvae develop into adults in small intestine
  4. Pre-larval stages enter lymphatic vessels to migrate and encyst in striated muscle.
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18
Q

Site of infection of Trichinella spp.

A

Adults are found in the small intestine. Larvae are found in muscle

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19
Q

Infective stage of Trichinella spp. is ___________.

A

L1

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20
Q

Clinical signs of Trichinella spp. infection are seen in _________ hosts.

A

Human

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21
Q

Methods of diagnosis of Trichinella spp. include ________, ____________, and ______________.

A

Pooled Sample Digestion Method, ELISA, Squash Preparation Method

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22
Q

Pooled Sample Digestion Method

A

Pepsin and hydrochloric acid are added to ground skeletal muscles, incubated, and then the sediment is examined for L1 under the microscope

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23
Q

ELISA

A

Detects antibodies in the serum. Sampling fluids from muscle at slaughter is simpler and quicker than collecting blood and processing for serum.

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24
Q

Squash Preparation Method

A

Muscle tissue is squashed between 2 glass slides and scanned under a microscope; useful to detect moderate to heavy infections.

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25
Q

Trichinella spp. can be prevented by

A

Not allowing pigs to eat uncooked meat, scraps or carcasses of any animals.

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26
Q

Trichuris vulpis hosts include

A

Canines

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27
Q

_______ is the PPP of Trichuris vulpis.

A

6-12 weeks

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28
Q

Hosts of Trichuris suis include:

A

Swine

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29
Q

Trichuris vulpis belongs to order _________ and superfamily ___________.

A

Enoplida, Trichinelloidea

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30
Q

Trichuris suis belongs to order __________ and superfamily ___________.

A

Enoplida, Trichinelloidea

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31
Q

The PPP of Trichuris suis is __________.

A

6-7 weeks

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32
Q

A strong __________ reaction leads to expelling of Trichuris suis worms.

A

Immune reaction

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33
Q

Capillaria spp. belongs to the order ___________ and the superfamily ______________.

A

Enoplida, Trichinelloidea

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34
Q

Hosts of Capillaria spp. include:

A

Canine, Feline, Avian

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35
Q

Adult Capillaria spp. can be are described as

A

Thin, hair-like, and not visible to the naked eye. Stichosome esophagus occupies half the body length.

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36
Q

Eggs of Capillaria spp. can be described as

A

Resembling Trichuris but are more barrel shaped.

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37
Q

Direct Life cycle of Capillaria spp.

A

Can be direct or indirect. Direct:

  1. Adult worms in lungs produce eggs
  2. Eggs coughed up and swallowed
  3. Unembryonated eggs passed in feces
  4. Eggs embryonate
  5. Embryonated eggs ingested
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38
Q

The PPP of Capillaria spp. is _________.

A

Species dependent. Ranges from 9 days to 8 weeks.

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39
Q

Site of infection of Capillaria spp. is ___________, _________, or ___________ in canine and feline.

A

Airway, Intestinal tract or Urinary bladder

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40
Q

Site of infection of Capillaria spp. is ___________ in Avian species.

A

Intestinal tract

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41
Q

Capillaria spp. is ___________ pathogenic in canine/feline and ___________ pathogenic in avian species.

A

Non Pathogenic, Highly Pathogenic.

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42
Q

Clinical signs can be seen in __________ with Capillaria infection.

A

Avian Species

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43
Q

Capillaria spp. can be treated with _____________.

A

Anthelmintics

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44
Q

Capillaria spp. can be prevented by

A

Controlling the intermediate host.

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45
Q

___________ is an important Capillaria spp. in birds.

A

C. Obsignata

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46
Q

Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophilus belongs to the order __________ and the superfamily ______________

A

Enoplida, Trichinelloidea

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47
Q

Hosts of Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophilus include:

A

Canine and Feline

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48
Q

Site of infection Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophilus is _____________.

A

Airways

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49
Q

Hosts of Pearsonoma (Capillaria) spp. include:

A

Canine and Feline

50
Q

Site of infection of Pearsonoma (Capillaria) spp. is _____________.

A

Urinary bladder

51
Q

Dioctophyme renale belongs to order ___________ and superfamily _____________.

A

Enoplida, Dioctophymatoidea

52
Q

Hosts of Dioctophyme renale include:

A

Canine

53
Q

Common name of Dioctophyme renale ____________.

A

Giant Kidney Worm

54
Q

Adult Dioctophyme renale described as:

A

Very large, up to 1 m.

55
Q

_______________ is the largest nematode of domestic species.

A

Dioctophyme renale

56
Q

Eggs of Dioctophyme renale described as:

A

70um with a rough shell.

57
Q

Eggs of Dioctophyme renale can be found in the _________ of domestic animals.

A

Urine

58
Q

Site of infection of adult Dioctophyme renale is _____________.

A

Parenchyma of kidney

59
Q

Intermediate host of Dioctophyme renale _____________.

A

Earthworm

60
Q

Paretic host of Dioctophyme renale _______ and ________.

A

Frogs and Fish

61
Q

Intermediate host of Capillaria spp. __________.

A

Earthworm

62
Q

Infective stage of Capillaria spp. __________ in __________ or ____________.

A

L1, IH or Egg

63
Q

Clinical signs of Dioctophyme renale include:

A

Dysuria and hematuria. Most cases are asymptomatic.

64
Q

Spirocerca lupi belongs to order _________ and superfamily ___________.

A

Enoplida, Spriuroidea

65
Q

Hosts of Spirocerca lupi include:

A

Canine

66
Q

Spirocerca lupi go by the common name _____________.

A

Esophageal worm

67
Q

Adult Spirocerca lupi described as

A

Pink to red in color, up to 8cm long

68
Q

Eggs of Spirocerca lupi described as:

A

Small and elongated with a thick shell. Contain L1, giving a paperclip appearance. Eggs are hard to float.

69
Q

Life cycle of Spirocerca lupi:

A

Indirect. 1. Egg with L1 passed in feces or vomit

  1. Egg consumed by IH, L3 encysts
  2. IH consumed by PH, L3 encysts
  3. Final host ingests IH or PH, L3 penetrates the stomach wall and migrates via celiac artery to esophagus
70
Q

The PPP of Spirocerca lupi is __________.

A

6 months

71
Q

Site of infection of adult spirocerca lupi:

A

Nodules in the wall of the esophagus or stomach

72
Q

Infective stage of Spirocerca lupi is _________.

A

L3

73
Q

Intermediate host of Spirocerca lupi is __________.

A

Dung Beetle

74
Q

Paratenic hosts of Spirocerca lupi are __________, __________, and _____________.

A

Chickens, Birds and Lizards

75
Q

Clinical signs of Spirocerca lupi include:

A

Large granulomas in esophagus and development of osteosarcoma, spondylosis and osteopathies

76
Q

Eggs of Spirocerca lupi can be found in:

A

Vomitus and feces

77
Q

Diagnosis of Spirocerca lupi is most effectively done with

A

Sodium Nitrate fecal floatation, endoscopy and radiography

78
Q

Treatment for Spirocerca lupi is ____________.

A

Off- label

79
Q

Physaloptera spp. belongs to order ____________ and superfamily _____________.

A

Enoplida, Physalopteroidea

80
Q

Hosts of Physaloptera spp. include:

A

Canine and Feline

81
Q

Adults Physaloptera spp. described as

A

4-6 cm long

82
Q

Physaloptera spp. eggs described as

A

Oval, thick shelled, small with L1. Eggs are hard to float.

83
Q

PPP of Physaloptera spp, is ____________.

A

8-10 weeks

84
Q

Site of infection of Physaloptera spp. is _________.

A

Stomach

85
Q

Infective stage of Physaloptera spp. is ______.

A

L3

86
Q

Intermediate host of Physaloptera spp. include ___________, ___________ and ____________.

A

Beetles, Cockroaches, and Crickets

87
Q

Paratenic hosts of Physaloptera spp. include ___________ and __________.

A

Snakes and birds

88
Q

Clinical signs of Physaloptera spp. infection

A

Vomiting, Catarrhal gastritis and blood in feces

89
Q

Treatment for Physaloptera spp. is _______________.

A

Off label

90
Q

Draschia megastoma belongs to order ___________ and superfamily __________.

A

Enoplida, Habronematoidea

91
Q

Hosts for Draschia megastoma include:

A

Equine

92
Q

Common name for Draschia megastoma is ________________.

A

Stomach Nematode

93
Q

Adult Draschia megastoma is __________ mm in length.

A

13-25mm

94
Q

Egg of Draschia megastoma described as

A

Thin shelled, larvated and 40-55um with a paperclip appearance. Eggs are hard to float.

95
Q

Important aspect of Draschia megastoma life cycle is the need to be syncronized with __________.

A

Fly life cycle

96
Q

Sit of infection of the adults and larva of Draschia megastoma

A

Adults and Larvae in the stomach L3 in the skin

97
Q

Infective stage of Draschia megastoma is ________.

A

L3

98
Q

Paratenic host of Draschia megastoma is ______________.

A

Musca spp or Stomoxys calcitrans

99
Q

Pathogenesis and lesions caused by Draschia megastoma:

A

Adults: nodules in the stomach Larvae: cutaneous habronemiasis/ cutaneous draschiasis. Granular conjunctivitis.

100
Q

Clinical signs of Draschia megastoma

A

Adults: heavy infections cause gastritis Larvae: “Summer Sores”

101
Q

Diagnosis of Draschia megastoma by means of

A

Recovery of egg in feces or larvae in skin scraping

102
Q

Treatment for Draschia megastoma by use of ___________.

A

MCL’s to kill the L3 and adults Summer Sores treated with local applications to the lesions

103
Q

Prevention of Draschia megastoma achieved by

A

Fly control

104
Q

Summer Sores

A

Used to describe cutaneous habronemiasis and cutaneous draschiasis cause by IH depositing L3 on face and L3 migrating in the skin. Seen with Draschia megastoma infections.

105
Q

Habronema spp. belongs to the order ___________ and the superfamily _____________.

A

Enoplida, Habronematoidea

106
Q

Life cycle of Habronema spp.:

A
  1. Adult worms in the stomach
  2. Eggs hatch to L1 in feces
  3. Fly larvae eat L1 larvae
  4. Nematode larvae molt to L2 larvae in fly larvae
  5. Fly larvae form pupae in soil, L3 nematode larve in pupae
  6. Fly hatches from pupa and carries L3 larvae
  7. Fly deposit larvae on lips, eyes, wounds or may be ingested by final host
107
Q

Thelazia spp belongs to the order ___________ and the superfamily ______________.

A

Enoplida, Thelazoidea

108
Q

Hosts for Thelazia spp. include:

A

Canine, Equine, Bovine

109
Q

Thelazia spp. life cycle

A
  1. Female lays L1 2. L1 consumed by IH 3. L1 develops into L3 in IH 4. Deposited back to the final host when IH feeds
110
Q

Site of infection of Thelazia spp

A

Conjunctival and lacramyl sacs

111
Q

Intermediate host of Thelazia spp is ____________.

A

Fly

112
Q

Clinical signs of Thelazia spp.

A

Little harm to host. Depending on species and level of infection, conjunctivitis and photophobia can develop

113
Q

Dracunculus insignia belongs to the order ___________ and superfamily _____________.

A

Enoplida, Dracunculoidea

114
Q

Common name for Dracunculus insignia is _________.

A

Stomach Nematode

115
Q

Adult Dracunculus insignia female are __________cm long while the males are __________ mm long

A

120cm, 20mm

116
Q

Dracunculus insignia life cycle:

A
  1. Female fertilized 2. Vulva and anus atrophy 3. By the anterior end of the female, a shallow ulcer forms in the host skin 4. Ulcer becomes wet, female prolapses a length of uterus which bursts and discharges larvae
117
Q

Site of infection of Dracunculus insignia

A

Subcutaneous tissues of carnivores

118
Q

Dracunculus insignia infections are primarily ________ pathogenic

A

Non-pathogenic

119
Q

Indirect life cycle of Capillaria spp

A

Indirect: 1. Adult worms in urinary bladder

  1. Unembryonated eggs passed in urine
  2. Eggs embryonate
  3. Embryated egg
  4. Embryonated eggs ingested by IH, develop into infective stage
  5. Earthworm ingested
120
Q
A

Trichuris spp

RUSVM Parasitology (16 decks)

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