Nematoda: Exam II Flashcards
1
Q
Trichurius spp. belongs to the order __________ and the superfamily _____________.
A
Enoplida, Trichinelloidea
2
Q
Hosts for Trichuris spp. include
A
Canine, Feline, Swine, Cattle, Ovine
3
Q
Trichuris spp. go by the common name __________.
A
Whipworm
4
Q
The adult Trichuris spp. can be described as being:
A
Shaped like a whip with a size varying by host approximately <2-6cm.
5
Q
Trichuris spp. eggs can be described:
A
lemon shaped egg with plugs, size varies
6
Q
Life cycle of Trichuris spp.
A
- Egg excreted in feces
- Larva embryonates and develops within thick shelled egg to L1
- Egg with L1 ingested by host
- Plugs digested and L1 is released 5. L1 penetrates glands of cecal mucosa or small intestine and migrate to the cecum to develop into adult
7
Q
Site of infection of the Trichuris spp. adults
A
Cecum and or colon
8
Q
Infective stage of the Trichuris spp. is the _____.
A
L1
9
Q
Pathogenesis and Lesions caused by Trichuris spp.
A
Cause diphtheritic inflammation of cecal mucosa
10
Q
Clinical signs of Trichuis spp.
A
Heavy infections in dogs may result in diarrhea, weight loss, etc.
11
Q
Diagnosis of Trichuris spp.
A
Eggs in the feces
12
Q
Treatment for Trichuris spp.
A
Anthelminitcs
13
Q
Eggs of the Trichuis spp. can last ______.
A
years
14
Q
Trichinella spp belongs to the order ________ and the superfamily ___________.
A
Enoplida, Trichinelloidea
15
Q
Hosts of Trichinella spp. include
A
Mammals, birds and reptiles
16
Q
Trichinella spp. go by the common name _________.
A
Whipworm
17
Q
Life cycle of Trichinella spp.
A
- L1 encysted in striated muscle
- Animal ingests L1 in muscle
- Larvae develop into adults in small intestine
- Pre-larval stages enter lymphatic vessels to migrate and encyst in striated muscle.
18
Q
Site of infection of Trichinella spp.
A
Adults are found in the small intestine. Larvae are found in muscle
19
Q
Infective stage of Trichinella spp. is ___________.
A
L1
20
Q
Clinical signs of Trichinella spp. infection are seen in _________ hosts.
A
Human
21
Q
Methods of diagnosis of Trichinella spp. include ________, ____________, and ______________.
A
Pooled Sample Digestion Method, ELISA, Squash Preparation Method
22
Q
Pooled Sample Digestion Method
A
Pepsin and hydrochloric acid are added to ground skeletal muscles, incubated, and then the sediment is examined for L1 under the microscope
23
Q
ELISA
A
Detects antibodies in the serum. Sampling fluids from muscle at slaughter is simpler and quicker than collecting blood and processing for serum.
24
Q
Squash Preparation Method
A
Muscle tissue is squashed between 2 glass slides and scanned under a microscope; useful to detect moderate to heavy infections.
25
Trichinella spp. can be prevented by
Not allowing pigs to eat uncooked meat, scraps or carcasses of any animals.
26
Trichuris vulpis hosts include
Canines
27
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the PPP of Trichuris vulpis.
6-12 weeks
28
Hosts of Trichuris suis include:
Swine
29
Trichuris vulpis belongs to order _________ and superfamily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Enoplida, Trichinelloidea
30
Trichuris suis belongs to order __________ and superfamily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Enoplida, Trichinelloidea
31
The PPP of Trichuris suis is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
6-7 weeks
32
A strong __________ reaction leads to expelling of Trichuris suis worms.
Immune reaction
33
Capillaria spp. belongs to the order ___________ and the superfamily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Enoplida, Trichinelloidea
34
Hosts of Capillaria spp. include:
Canine, Feline, Avian
35
Adult Capillaria spp. can be are described as
Thin, hair-like, and not visible to the naked eye. Stichosome esophagus occupies half the body length.
36
Eggs of Capillaria spp. can be described as
Resembling Trichuris but are more barrel shaped.
37
Direct Life cycle of Capillaria spp.
Can be direct or indirect. Direct:
1. Adult worms in lungs produce eggs
2. Eggs coughed up and swallowed
3. Unembryonated eggs passed in feces
4. Eggs embryonate
5. Embryonated eggs ingested
38
The PPP of Capillaria spp. is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Species dependent. Ranges from 9 days to 8 weeks.
39
Site of infection of Capillaria spp. is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, or ___________ in canine and feline.
Airway, Intestinal tract or Urinary bladder
40
Site of infection of Capillaria spp. is ___________ in Avian species.
Intestinal tract
41
Capillaria spp. is ___________ pathogenic in canine/feline and ___________ pathogenic in avian species.
Non Pathogenic, Highly Pathogenic.
42
Clinical signs can be seen in __________ with Capillaria infection.
Avian Species
43
Capillaria spp. can be treated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Anthelmintics
44
Capillaria spp. can be prevented by
Controlling the intermediate host.
45
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an important Capillaria spp. in birds.
C. Obsignata
46
Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophilus belongs to the order __________ and the superfamily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Enoplida, Trichinelloidea
47
Hosts of Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophilus include:
Canine and Feline
48
Site of infection Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophilus is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Airways
49
Hosts of Pearsonoma (Capillaria) spp. include:
Canine and Feline
50
Site of infection of Pearsonoma (Capillaria) spp. is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Urinary bladder
51
Dioctophyme renale belongs to order ___________ and superfamily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Enoplida, Dioctophymatoidea
52
Hosts of Dioctophyme renale include:
Canine
53
Common name of Dioctophyme renale \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Giant Kidney Worm
54
Adult Dioctophyme renale described as:
Very large, up to 1 m.
55
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the largest nematode of domestic species.
Dioctophyme renale
56
Eggs of Dioctophyme renale described as:
70um with a rough shell.
57
Eggs of Dioctophyme renale can be found in the _________ of domestic animals.
Urine
58
Site of infection of adult Dioctophyme renale is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Parenchyma of kidney
59
Intermediate host of Dioctophyme renale \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Earthworm
60
Paretic host of Dioctophyme renale _______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Frogs and Fish
61
Intermediate host of Capillaria spp. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Earthworm
62
Infective stage of Capillaria spp. __________ in __________ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
L1, IH or Egg
63
Clinical signs of Dioctophyme renale include:
Dysuria and hematuria. Most cases are asymptomatic.
64
Spirocerca lupi belongs to order _________ and superfamily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Enoplida, Spriuroidea
65
Hosts of Spirocerca lupi include:
Canine
66
Spirocerca lupi go by the common name \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Esophageal worm
67
Adult Spirocerca lupi described as
Pink to red in color, up to 8cm long
68
Eggs of Spirocerca lupi described as:
Small and elongated with a thick shell. Contain L1, giving a paperclip appearance. Eggs are hard to float.
69
Life cycle of Spirocerca lupi:
Indirect. 1. Egg with L1 passed in feces or vomit
2. Egg consumed by IH, L3 encysts
3. IH consumed by PH, L3 encysts
4. Final host ingests IH or PH, L3 penetrates the stomach wall and migrates via celiac artery to esophagus
70
The PPP of Spirocerca lupi is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
6 months
71
Site of infection of adult spirocerca lupi:
Nodules in the wall of the esophagus or stomach
72
Infective stage of Spirocerca lupi is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
L3
73
Intermediate host of Spirocerca lupi is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Dung Beetle
74
Paratenic hosts of Spirocerca lupi are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Chickens, Birds and Lizards
75
Clinical signs of Spirocerca lupi include:
Large granulomas in esophagus and development of osteosarcoma, spondylosis and osteopathies
76
Eggs of Spirocerca lupi can be found in:
Vomitus and feces
77
Diagnosis of Spirocerca lupi is most effectively done with
Sodium Nitrate fecal floatation, endoscopy and radiography
78
Treatment for Spirocerca lupi is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Off- label
79
Physaloptera spp. belongs to order ____________ and superfamily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Enoplida, Physalopteroidea
80
Hosts of Physaloptera spp. include:
Canine and Feline
81
Adults Physaloptera spp. described as
4-6 cm long
82
Physaloptera spp. eggs described as
Oval, thick shelled, small with L1. Eggs are hard to float.
83
PPP of Physaloptera spp, is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
8-10 weeks
84
Site of infection of Physaloptera spp. is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Stomach
85
Infective stage of Physaloptera spp. is \_\_\_\_\_\_.
L3
86
Intermediate host of Physaloptera spp. include \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, ___________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Beetles, Cockroaches, and Crickets
87
Paratenic hosts of Physaloptera spp. include ___________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Snakes and birds
88
Clinical signs of Physaloptera spp. infection
Vomiting, Catarrhal gastritis and blood in feces
89
Treatment for Physaloptera spp. is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Off label
90
Draschia megastoma belongs to order ___________ and superfamily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Enoplida, Habronematoidea
91
Hosts for Draschia megastoma include:
Equine
92
Common name for Draschia megastoma is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Stomach Nematode
93
Adult Draschia megastoma is __________ mm in length.
13-25mm
94
Egg of Draschia megastoma described as
Thin shelled, larvated and 40-55um with a paperclip appearance. Eggs are hard to float.
95
Important aspect of Draschia megastoma life cycle is the need to be syncronized with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Fly life cycle
96
Sit of infection of the adults and larva of Draschia megastoma
Adults and Larvae in the stomach L3 in the skin
97
Infective stage of Draschia megastoma is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
L3
98
Paratenic host of Draschia megastoma is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Musca spp or Stomoxys calcitrans
99
Pathogenesis and lesions caused by Draschia megastoma:
Adults: nodules in the stomach Larvae: cutaneous habronemiasis/ cutaneous draschiasis. Granular conjunctivitis.
100
Clinical signs of Draschia megastoma
Adults: heavy infections cause gastritis Larvae: "Summer Sores"
101
Diagnosis of Draschia megastoma by means of
Recovery of egg in feces or larvae in skin scraping
102
Treatment for Draschia megastoma by use of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
MCL's to kill the L3 and adults Summer Sores treated with local applications to the lesions
103
Prevention of Draschia megastoma achieved by
Fly control
104
Summer Sores
Used to describe cutaneous habronemiasis and cutaneous draschiasis cause by IH depositing L3 on face and L3 migrating in the skin. Seen with Draschia megastoma infections.
105
Habronema spp. belongs to the order ___________ and the superfamily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Enoplida, Habronematoidea
106
Life cycle of Habronema spp.:
1. Adult worms in the stomach
2. Eggs hatch to L1 in feces
3. Fly larvae eat L1 larvae
4. Nematode larvae molt to L2 larvae in fly larvae
5. Fly larvae form pupae in soil, L3 nematode larve in pupae
6. Fly hatches from pupa and carries L3 larvae
7. Fly deposit larvae on lips, eyes, wounds or may be ingested by final host
107
Thelazia spp belongs to the order ___________ and the superfamily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Enoplida, Thelazoidea
108
Hosts for Thelazia spp. include:
Canine, Equine, Bovine
109
Thelazia spp. life cycle
1. Female lays L1 2. L1 consumed by IH 3. L1 develops into L3 in IH 4. Deposited back to the final host when IH feeds
110
Site of infection of Thelazia spp
Conjunctival and lacramyl sacs
111
Intermediate host of Thelazia spp is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Fly
112
Clinical signs of Thelazia spp.
Little harm to host. Depending on species and level of infection, conjunctivitis and photophobia can develop
113
Dracunculus insignia belongs to the order ___________ and superfamily \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Enoplida, Dracunculoidea
114
Common name for Dracunculus insignia is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Stomach Nematode
115
Adult Dracunculus insignia female are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_cm long while the males are __________ mm long
120cm, 20mm
116
Dracunculus insignia life cycle:
1. Female fertilized 2. Vulva and anus atrophy 3. By the anterior end of the female, a shallow ulcer forms in the host skin 4. Ulcer becomes wet, female prolapses a length of uterus which bursts and discharges larvae
117
Site of infection of Dracunculus insignia
Subcutaneous tissues of carnivores
118
Dracunculus insignia infections are primarily ________ pathogenic
Non-pathogenic
119
Indirect life cycle of Capillaria spp
Indirect: 1. Adult worms in urinary bladder
2. Unembryonated eggs passed in urine
3. Eggs embryonate
4. Embryated egg
5. Embryonated eggs ingested by IH, develop into infective stage
6. Earthworm ingested
120
Trichuris spp
