Nekton 2

Question 1

swim bladder physostomus fish

Answer 1

air coming from gut through pneumatic duct after gulping. keeps fish afloat.

Question 2

swim bladder physoclistous fish

Answer 2

air via gas gland, drained to circulation system though oval interface

Question 3

rete mirable

Answer 3

gas exchange between blood and swim bladder to float or deflate the swimbladder

Question 4

deep water fish have longer rate miracle because

Answer 4

this enables them to increase max air concentration inseam bladder to cope with high pressure in deep water

Question 5

swim bladder may also be used to produce

Answer 5

sounds

Question 6

large lipid filled liver for

Answer 6

buoyancy

Question 7

pelagic species are naturally

Answer 7

buoyant

Question 8

buoyancy air sacs

Answer 8

fine tune by varying amount of air in lungs.

Question 9

buoyancy methods 7!

Answer 9

swim bladder, air sacs, blubber, large lipid filled liver, permanent incompressible gas chambers, shapes

Question 10

diving in seals

Answer 10

not naturally buoyant. glide passively to preferred depth (no energy) and hen it goes up: active ascent

Question 11

camouflage options 6!

Answer 11

countershading, counter-illumination, keeling of the body, cryptic colouration, transparency, shadowing

Question 12

countershading

Answer 12

counter the normal shading of light. less visible from all sides

Question 13

counter-illumination

Answer 13

counter normal shading of light by emitting light. deep sea organism

Question 14

keeling

Answer 14

ventral side of the fish body is keeled downward, which prevents the casting of a shadow. body hardly visible from below

Question 15

cryptic coloration

Answer 15

blend in with the environment

Question 16

transparency

Answer 16

just be transparent :)

Question 17

shadowing

Answer 17

‘hide’ in movement of objects or animals

Question 18

sensory systems 6!

Answer 18

vision, lateral line, olfaction, echolocation, electroreception, magneto location

Question 19

vision epipelagic

Answer 19

large eyes, often pelagic predatory fish

Question 20

vision mesopelagic (low-light

Answer 20

red: cannot be detected by most fishes so ‘secret’ flashlight, tube eyes.

Question 21

lateral lines

Answer 21

detection of pressure/motion in fishes, detects waves from motion of prey fish.

Question 22

olfaction

Answer 22

smell water soluble chemicals with chemo-receptive epithelium

Question 23

echolocation

Answer 23

sounds reflected by object or prey. in dolphins: sounds pushed through larynx lips

Question 24

electroreception

Answer 24

detect bio-electric field

Question 25

magnetolocation

Answer 25

magnetic map cues can elicit homeward orientation