Harmful algal blooms

Question 1

eutrophication

Answer 1

an increase in the rate of supply of organic matter to an ecosystem

Question 2

increases of organic matter are most often due to

Answer 2

phytoplankton production

Question 3

how much percentage of anthropogenic N reaches coastal systems?

Answer 3

24%

Question 4

Pathways of nutrient enrichment

Answer 4

storm and water runoff, river runoff, atmospheric preciptation

Question 5

Eutrophication dependent on where it happens

Answer 5

can have small N-load but large residence time

Question 6

dilution potential

Answer 6

how much current runs through. Quicker –> higher dilution potential

Question 7

N-load within ecosystem depends on

Answer 7

Dilution potential, residence time, export via denitrification and annamox, biofiltration, synergies with other pressures

Question 8

dead zones

Answer 8

develop when excess organic matter sinks below the pycnocline where it is metabolized by aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (anaerobic bacteria)

Question 9

hypoxia

Answer 9

low levels of oxygen

Question 10

anoxic

Answer 10

total depletion of oxygen

Question 11

green tides

Answer 11

ulva blooms

Question 12

phaeocystis globosa

Answer 12

foam on beach

Question 13

HAB type of events

Answer 13

high cell densities (anoxia and nutrient depletion), mechanical, physical and physiological damage, toxin production

Question 14

all toxic events and red tides are

Answer 14

HAB’s

Question 15

not all HAB’s are

Answer 15

toxic events and redtides

Question 16

toxin producers

Answer 16

accumulate in organisms. biomagnification in the food chain.

Question 17

global increase in HABs because

Answer 17

scientific awareness, population growth, human mediated distribution, global climate change

Question 18

how does global climate change increase HABs?

Answer 18

Extreme weather: spikes in nutrient run off. when followed by warm, calm weather, HAB outbreaks may occur.