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Principles of Biological Oceanography > Algal Diversity > Flashcards

Algal Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Why are algae important?

A

As much NPP as land, Base of marine food web, role in cycling elements, locking away carbon

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2
Q

Marine microalgae applications

A

Industrial: biofuel, fatty acids, pigments…

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3
Q

Marine microalgae problems

A

Toxic

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4
Q

places where macroalgae can grow

A

Attached to rocks, coastal, free-floating

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5
Q

Microalgae size range

A

0.5 micrometer - > 1000 micrometer

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6
Q

Microalgae life styles

A

Autotrophic, mixotrophic, heterotrophic

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7
Q

Autotroph

A

An autotroph is an organism that can convert abiotic sources of energy into energy stored in organic compounds,

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8
Q

Mixotrophic

A

photsynthesize like plants and hunt like animals

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9
Q

Heterotrophic

A

use organic carbon as food source

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10
Q

Planktonic microalgae are

A

phytoplankton

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11
Q

Femtoplankton 0.02-0.2 micrometer

A

Virioplankton

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12
Q

Picoplankton 0.2-2 micrometer

A

Bacterioplankton, phytoplankton

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13
Q

Nanoplankton 2-20 micrometer

A

Mycoplankton, phytoplankton

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14
Q

Microplankton 20-220 micrometer

A

Phytoplankton

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15
Q

Marine cyanobacteria size

A

Picoplankton, colony/chain nano/micro

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16
Q

Diatoms size

A

Nano, micro, colony/chain meso, macro

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17
Q

Haptophyceae size

A

Nano, colony/chain micro

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18
Q

Dinoflagellates size

A

Nano, micro

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19
Q

chl containing phytoplankton

A

Cyanobacteria, diatoms, mixoplankton

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20
Q

Grazers, protozooplankton: life style + which ones

A

mixoplankton, ciliates, dinoflagellates

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21
Q

Diatoms, latin name

A

Bacillariophyceae

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22
Q

Life style diatoms

A

Autotrophic

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23
Q

Diatom cell wall

A

Silicified

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24
Q

Productivity diatoms depends on

A

Silicic acid

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25
Q

Centric subgroup species

A

Mostly pelagic, Blooms in eutrophic systems, silicified cell walls, require silicic acid

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26
Q

Pennate subgroup species

A

Silicic acid cell walls, dominate benthic communities, have raphe

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27
Q

Raphe

A

Gliding movement by expulsion of gelatinous poly saccharides

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28
Q

Fragilariineae

A

no raphe

29
Q

Bacillariineae

A

Have raphe

30
Q

Benthic microalgae function

A

Top 3 cm of sediment, Colour sediment brown, stabilize sediment particles

31
Q

Auxospore formation

A

Critical size, adverse environmental conditions

32
Q

marine cyanobacteria are

A

Photosynthetic prokaryotes

33
Q

Prokaryote

A

Single-cell organism which lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

34
Q

Cyanobacteria size

A

0.3 micrometer - 1 mm, picophytoplankton

35
Q

Cyanobacteria area

A

Dominant in tropical (oligotrophic) oceans

36
Q

Life style cyanobacteria

A

Autotrophs

37
Q

Adaptations to nutrient limitation

A

Nitrogen fixation, become very small, streamlined genomes, become closely associated with microbial loop, survive with minimal resources

38
Q

Prochlorococcus ecotypes

A

Different ecotypes as a function of depth

39
Q

Richelia

A

Nitrogen fixing symbionts of diatoms

40
Q

Diazotrophs

A

Nitrogen fixers

41
Q

Flagellates

A

Same ground plan

42
Q

Life styles flagellates

A

Autotrophic, mixotrophic, heterotrophic

43
Q

Flagellate cell walls

A

Naked, cellulose, calcium carbonate, cellulose and silica

44
Q

Haptophyceae: prymnesiophyceae examples

A

Emiliania huxleyi, Phaeocystis spp

45
Q

Haptophyceae: prymnesiophyceae size

A

5-10 micrometer

46
Q

Subgroup haptophyceae

A

coccolithophores

47
Q

Coccolithophores outer housing

A

CaCo3

48
Q

Coccolithophores outer housing function

A

Protection against grazing, virus and light modulation

49
Q

2 life-cycle stages coccolithophorids

A

Holococcolith and heterococcolith

50
Q

Large grazers

A

Small colonies

51
Q

Small grazers

A

Large colonies

52
Q

Naked dinoflagellate

A

Athecate

53
Q

Cellulose plates

A

Thecate

54
Q

Lifestyle dinophyceae

A

Autotrophic (50%), heterotrophic, mixotrophic, free living, parasitic

55
Q

Toxic dinoflagellates

A

Harmful algal blooms

56
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Engulf prey

57
Q

Peduncle feeding

A

Attach straw and suck out prey

58
Q

Pallium feeding

A

Digest in a sack

59
Q

Organic carbon produced by phytoplankton

A

> 80% passes through foodweb and microbial loop

60
Q

Fate of carbon of nano and picophytoplankton

A

Carbon recycled in days by bacteria in surface ocean

61
Q

Fate of carbon of larger cells

A

Consumed by grazers, through fecal pellets carbon isolated in deep ocean

62
Q

Storage time of carbon depends on

A

How deep it enters the ocean

63
Q

POC

A

Particulate Organic Carbon

64
Q

POC aspects

A

> 0.7 micrometer, aggregated cells, debris, bacteria, fecal pellets

65
Q

POC export efficiency depends on

A

size, composition, particle shape

66
Q

DOC

A

Dissolved Organic Carbon

67
Q

DOC aspects

A

<0.7 micrometer, excreted by phytoplankton, product of grazing, viral lysis

68
Q

DOC

A

feeds microbial loop

69
Q
A

Principles of Biological Oceanography (10 decks)

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