Algal Diversity

Question 1

Why are algae important?

Answer 1

As much NPP as land, Base of marine food web, role in cycling elements, locking away carbon

Question 2

Marine microalgae applications

Answer 2

Industrial: biofuel, fatty acids, pigments…

Question 3

Marine microalgae problems

Answer 3

Toxic

Question 4

places where macroalgae can grow

Answer 4

Attached to rocks, coastal, free-floating

Question 5

Microalgae size range

Answer 5

0.5 micrometer - > 1000 micrometer

Question 6

Microalgae life styles

Answer 6

Autotrophic, mixotrophic, heterotrophic

Question 7

Autotroph

Answer 7

An autotroph is an organism that can convert abiotic sources of energy into energy stored in organic compounds,

Question 8

Mixotrophic

Answer 8

photsynthesize like plants and hunt like animals

Question 9

Heterotrophic

Answer 9

use organic carbon as food source

Question 10

Planktonic microalgae are

Answer 10

phytoplankton

Question 11

Femtoplankton 0.02-0.2 micrometer

Answer 11

Virioplankton

Question 12

Picoplankton 0.2-2 micrometer

Answer 12

Bacterioplankton, phytoplankton

Question 13

Nanoplankton 2-20 micrometer

Answer 13

Mycoplankton, phytoplankton

Question 14

Microplankton 20-220 micrometer

Answer 14

Phytoplankton

Question 15

Marine cyanobacteria size

Answer 15

Picoplankton, colony/chain nano/micro

Question 16

Diatoms size

Answer 16

Nano, micro, colony/chain meso, macro

Question 17

Haptophyceae size

Answer 17

Nano, colony/chain micro

Question 18

Dinoflagellates size

Answer 18

Nano, micro

Question 19

chl containing phytoplankton

Answer 19

Cyanobacteria, diatoms, mixoplankton

Question 20

Grazers, protozooplankton: life style + which ones

Answer 20

mixoplankton, ciliates, dinoflagellates

Question 21

Diatoms, latin name

Answer 21

Bacillariophyceae

Question 22

Life style diatoms

Answer 22

Autotrophic

Question 23

Diatom cell wall

Answer 23

Silicified

Question 24

Productivity diatoms depends on

Answer 24

Silicic acid

Question 25

Centric subgroup species

Answer 25

Mostly pelagic, Blooms in eutrophic systems, silicified cell walls, require silicic acid

Question 26

Pennate subgroup species

Answer 26

Silicic acid cell walls, dominate benthic communities, have raphe

Question 27

Raphe

Answer 27

Gliding movement by expulsion of gelatinous poly saccharides

Question 28

Fragilariineae

Answer 28

no raphe

Question 29

Bacillariineae

Answer 29

Have raphe

Question 30

Benthic microalgae function

Answer 30

Top 3 cm of sediment, Colour sediment brown, stabilize sediment particles

Question 31

Auxospore formation

Answer 31

Critical size, adverse environmental conditions

Question 32

marine cyanobacteria are

Answer 32

Photosynthetic prokaryotes

Question 33

Prokaryote

Answer 33

Single-cell organism which lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Question 34

Cyanobacteria size

Answer 34

0.3 micrometer - 1 mm, picophytoplankton

Question 35

Cyanobacteria area

Answer 35

Dominant in tropical (oligotrophic) oceans

Question 36

Life style cyanobacteria

Answer 36

Autotrophs

Question 37

Adaptations to nutrient limitation

Answer 37

Nitrogen fixation, become very small, streamlined genomes, become closely associated with microbial loop, survive with minimal resources

Question 38

Prochlorococcus ecotypes

Answer 38

Different ecotypes as a function of depth

Question 39

Richelia

Answer 39

Nitrogen fixing symbionts of diatoms

Question 40

Diazotrophs

Answer 40

Nitrogen fixers

Question 41

Flagellates

Answer 41

Same ground plan

Question 42

Life styles flagellates

Answer 42

Autotrophic, mixotrophic, heterotrophic

Question 43

Flagellate cell walls

Answer 43

Naked, cellulose, calcium carbonate, cellulose and silica

Question 44

Haptophyceae: prymnesiophyceae examples

Answer 44

Emiliania huxleyi, Phaeocystis spp

Question 45

Haptophyceae: prymnesiophyceae size

Answer 45

5-10 micrometer

Question 46

Subgroup haptophyceae

Answer 46

coccolithophores

Question 47

Coccolithophores outer housing

Answer 47

CaCo3

Question 48

Coccolithophores outer housing function

Answer 48

Protection against grazing, virus and light modulation

Question 49

2 life-cycle stages coccolithophorids

Answer 49

Holococcolith and heterococcolith

Question 50

Large grazers

Answer 50

Small colonies

Question 51

Small grazers

Answer 51

Large colonies

Question 52

Naked dinoflagellate

Answer 52

Athecate

Question 53

Cellulose plates

Answer 53

Thecate

Question 54

Lifestyle dinophyceae

Answer 54

Autotrophic (50%), heterotrophic, mixotrophic, free living, parasitic

Question 55

Toxic dinoflagellates

Answer 55

Harmful algal blooms

Question 56

Phagocytosis

Answer 56

Engulf prey

Question 57

Peduncle feeding

Answer 57

Attach straw and suck out prey

Question 58

Pallium feeding

Answer 58

Digest in a sack

Question 59

Organic carbon produced by phytoplankton

Answer 59

>80% passes through foodweb and microbial loop

Question 60

Fate of carbon of nano and picophytoplankton

Answer 60

Carbon recycled in days by bacteria in surface ocean

Question 61

Fate of carbon of larger cells

Answer 61

Consumed by grazers, through fecal pellets carbon isolated in deep ocean

Question 62

Storage time of carbon depends on

Answer 62

How deep it enters the ocean

Question 63

POC

Answer 63

Particulate Organic Carbon

Question 64

POC aspects

Answer 64

>0.7 micrometer, aggregated cells, debris, bacteria, fecal pellets

Question 65

POC export efficiency depends on

Answer 65

size, composition, particle shape

Question 66

DOC

Answer 66

Dissolved Organic Carbon

Question 67

DOC aspects

Answer 67

<0.7 micrometer, excreted by phytoplankton, product of grazing, viral lysis

Question 68

DOC

Answer 68

feeds microbial loop