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EMT SCHOOL > Need to know terms > Flashcards

Need to know terms Flashcards

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1
Q

abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

A

a weakening in the wall of the aorta in the abdominal region.

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2
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline, or

move apart

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3
Q

abruptio placenta

A

the premature separation of the

placenta from the uterine wall.

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4
Q

acidosis

A

an abnormally high level of acidity in the

body’s fluids and tissues

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5
Q

acute coronary syndrome

A

symptoms caused by
myocardial ischemia, such as angina or myocardial
infarction.

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6
Q

acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

A

death to myocardial muscle. Also called heart attack.

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7
Q

adduction

A

to move toward the midline, or bring

together

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8
Q

alveoli

A

air sacs in the lungs that exchange oxygen

and carbon dioxide with the pulmonary capillaries.

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9
Q

amniotic sac

A

a fluid-filled membrane in the uterus

which contains the fetus.

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10
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

severe, life threatening allergic

reaction. Also called anaphylaxis.

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11
Q

aneurysm

A

weakening in the wall of an artery.

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12
Q

angina pectoris

A

temporary chest pain occurs when

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply

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13
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

unable to remember events

prior to the injury

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14
Q

aorta

A

artery that carries blood out of the left heart.

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15
Q

apnea

A

absence of spontaneous breaths.

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16
Q

appendix

A

pouch connected to the large intestine

in the right lower abdominal quadrant.

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17
Q

arterioles

A

small arteries that lead to capillaries.

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18
Q

aspiration

A

material, such as vomit, entering the

lungs.

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19
Q

atherosclerosis

A

plaque build-up within a blood

vessel.

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20
Q

atrium

A

upper chambers of the heart

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21
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

involuntary component of the peripheral nervous system.

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22
Q

battle’s sign

A

bruising behind the ears indicating

possible basal skull fracture.

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23
Q

beck’s Triad

A

triad of signs indicating a possible

pericardial tamponade.

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24
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart rate

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25
Q

bradypnea

A

slow respiratory rate

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26
Q

breech birth

A

the presentation of the buttocks as

the presenting part in the birth canal.

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27
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the lungs, either

chronic or acute.

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28
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

tightening (constriction) of

the airways.

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29
Q

capillaries

A

small, branching vessels that connect

arteries and veins. Allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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30
Q

capillary permeability

A

leakage of fluid out of a

capillary into surrounding tissue.

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31
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

accumulation of fluid in the

pericardial sac that compresses the heart.

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32
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

decreased cardiac output due to

poor cardiac function or mechanical obstruction.

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33
Q

cavitation

A

pressure wave caused by high velocity

projectile

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34
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal chord

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35
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

fluid that circulates

through the central nervous system.

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36
Q

cervix

A

the portion of the uterus that opens into

the vagina.

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37
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gall bladder

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38
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

chronic disease processes caused by obstruction of

the lower airways.

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39
Q

compartment syndrome

A

injury caused by compression of nerves, blood vessels, and muscle in a
closed space within the body

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40
Q

conduction

A

direct transfer of heat through contact

with a colder structure.

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41
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

caused by ineffective ventricular function leading to fl uid backup.

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42
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

technique of assisting ventilations in a patient

with respirator distress.

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43
Q

contraindication

A

situations when a certain intervention should not be performed.

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44
Q

convection

A

loss of heat to passing air

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45
Q

coronary arteries

A

arteries that perfuse the heart

muscle.

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46
Q

croup

A

inflammation of the upper airways and

trachea.

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47
Q

cushing’s response

A

triad of signs indicating

increased intracranial pressure; hypertension, bradycardia, altered respiratory pattern.

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48
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish color to the skin, lips, mouth, or

nail beds indicating a lack of oxygen.

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49
Q

dependent edema

A

fluid build-up in area of the

body closest to the ground.

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50
Q

dermis

A

the lower layer of the skin beneath the

epidermis.

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51
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

a disease process in which the

body is unable to metabolize glucose normally.

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52
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

a diabetic emergency

caused by severe hyperglycemia and acidosis.

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53
Q

distal

A

away from the point of attachment

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54
Q

distributive shock

A

shock due to poor distribution

of blood due to vasodilation.

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55
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of small pouches (diverticula) along the wall of the intestine.

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56
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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57
Q

ecchymosis

A

another term for bruising

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58
Q

eclampsia

A

pregnancy induced seizures

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59
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

a pregnancy thats develops outside of the uterus

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60
Q

edema

A

swelling

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61
Q

embolus

A

an obstruction in a blood vessel

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62
Q

emphysema

A

a respiratory disease that leads to

destruction of the alveoli.

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63
Q

epidermis

A

outer most layer of the skin

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64
Q

epidural hematoma

A

bleeding beneath the skull

and above the dura mater.

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65
Q

epiglottis

A

flap that covers the trachea during swallowing.

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66
Q

esophageal varices

A

weakening of the blood vessels

lining the esophagus.

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67
Q

esophagus

A

connects mouth to stomach

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68
Q

expressed consent

A

verbal, non-verbal, or written

consent accepting medical care.

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69
Q

external respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and pulmonary
capillaries.

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70
Q

flail chest

A

a life-threatening medical condition
that occurs when a segment of the chest wall is
fractured and detaches from the rest of the thoracic cage.

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71
Q

foramen magnum

A

the opening in the skull where

the brain meets the spinal cord

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72
Q

full thickness burn (3°)

A

burn injury through all

skin layers

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73
Q

gallbladder

A

organ that stores bile from the liver.

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74
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and

intestines.

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75
Q

gravida

A

the number of pregnancies a woman has

had.

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76
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

77
Q

hematochezia

A

bloody stool.

78
Q

hematoma

A

collection of blood under the skin in

tissue or body cavity.

79
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

80
Q

hemorrhage

A

bleeding

81
Q

hemothorax

A

the presence of blood in the pleural

cavity

82
Q

herniation

A

compression of the brain due to

increased intracranial pressure

83
Q

humerus

A

bone of the upper arm

84
Q

hypoperfusion

A

shock or inadequate tissue perfusion.

85
Q

hypoventilation

A

ventilations that are too slow or

shallow.

86
Q

hypovolemia

A

low blood volume.

87
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

shock due to loss of blood or

body fluid.

88
Q

hypoxia

A

inadequate oxygen supply to the body’s

cells and tissues.

89
Q

hypoxic drive

A

the backup respiratory drive, measures oxygen levels in the blood.

90
Q

implied consent

A

assumption of consent from a

patient unable to expressly provide it.

91
Q

indications

A

recommended uses for a medication

92
Q

informed consent

A

consent to treatment given after

all the relevant facts are disclosed.

93
Q

insulin shock

A

a diabetic emergency caused by

severe hypoglycemia.

94
Q

intercostal

A

between the ribs

95
Q

internal respiration

A

gas exchange between the

body’s cells and the systemic capillaries.

96
Q

intracerebral hemorrhage

A

bleeding within the

brain itself

97
Q

intraventricular shunt

A

a device that allows excess
CSF to drain from the ventricles of the brain to
reduce intracranial pressure.

98
Q

ischemia

A

poor blood supply

99
Q

kehr’s sign

A

referred pain in the shoulder due to

possible abdominal organ injury.

100
Q

laceration

A

jagged cut

101
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

102
Q

ligament

A

connects bone to bone

103
Q

limb presentation

A

the presence of an arm or leg as

the first presenting part in the birth canal.

104
Q

liver

A

filters toxins from the body

105
Q

maxillae

A

upper portion of the jaw

106
Q

meconium

A

the presence of fetal stool in the amniotic fluid.

107
Q

metered dose inhaler (MDI)

A

device used to deliver

aerosolized medication through inhalation.

108
Q

miosis

A

pupillary constriction.

109
Q

mottled

A

blotched skin coloring

110
Q

myocardial contractility

A

the heart’s ability to contract.

111
Q

myocardium

A

middle muscle of the heart

112
Q

nasopharynx

A

upper part of the pharynx behind

the nose.

113
Q

neurogenic shock

A

shock due to spinal cord injury

114
Q

nuchal cord

A

an umbilical cord wrapped around

the baby’s neck.

115
Q

obstructive shock

A

shock due to mechanical

obstruction of the heart.

116
Q

orbit

A

portion of the skull surrounding the eyes.

117
Q

oropharynx

A

portion of the pharynx behind the

mouth.

118
Q

pancreas

A

endocrine gland that produces insulin.

119
Q

para

A

the number of live births. Multiple births

count as one.

120
Q

paradoxical motion

A

movement in the opposite

direction.

121
Q

parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS)

A

portion of

the autonomic nervous system.

122
Q

parietal pain

A

severe, localized pain

123
Q

partial seizure

A

seizure due to abnormal electrical

activity in a limited area of the brain.

124
Q

partial thickness burn

A

burn injury into but not

through the dermis.

125
Q

pathophysiology

A

the study of disease

126
Q

pelvic binder

A

a splint used to stabilize a pelvic

fracture.

127
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

inflammation of

the female genital tract.

128
Q

perfusion

A

circulation of blood

129
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

nervous system

outside of the brain and spinal cord.

130
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane lining the abdominal

organs and abdominal cavity

131
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum.

132
Q

pertinent negatives

A

symptoms important to consider, but denied by the patient.

133
Q

pharynx

A

the upper portion of the airway behind

the mouth and nose

134
Q

placenta previa

A

when the placenta partially or

completely covers the cervix.

135
Q

plasma

A

fluid part of the blood

136
Q

platelets

A

component of blood essential for clotting

137
Q

pleura

A

paired membranes in the thorax.

138
Q

pleural space

A

the closed space between the two

pleural membranes.

139
Q

pneumothorax

A

compression of the lung due to
accumulation of air in the space surrounding the
lung.

140
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

141
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

142
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

143
Q

postpartum

A

after delivery of the baby and placenta

144
Q

preeclampsia

A

complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys.

145
Q

preload

A

the pre-contraction pressure based on the

amount of blood coming back to the heart.

146
Q

primary blast injuries

A

injuries caused by the shock

wave of the blast

147
Q

psychogenic shock

A

syncope due to sudden, temporary vasodilation

148
Q

pulmonary artery

A

arteries that carry blood from

the right side of the heart to the lungs.

149
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of fluid within

the lungs.

150
Q

pulmonary veins

A

veins that carry blood from the

lungs to the left heart.

151
Q

pulse oximetry

A

measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin

152
Q

racoon’s eyes

A

bruising around the eyes indicating

possible basal skull fracture.

153
Q

radius

A

lateral bone of the forearm.

154
Q

rales

A

abnormal lung sound typically caused by

fluid in the lungs.

155
Q

red blood cells

A

oxygen carrying component of

whole blood.

156
Q

respiration

A

the movement of oxygen and carbon

dioxide in and out of the lungs

157
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

unable to remember events

following the injury.

158
Q

secondary blast injuries

A

injuries caused by shrapnel or other projectiles.

159
Q

seesaw breathing

A

opposing movement of the

chest and abdomen.

160
Q

sellick maneuver

A

mechanical pressure applied to

the cricoid cartilage.

161
Q

septic shock

A

shock due to infection.

162
Q

shock

A

inadequate tissue perfusion. Also called

hypoperfusion.

163
Q

somatic nervous system

A

voluntary portion of the

peripheral nervous system

164
Q

sprain

A

injury to a ligament, typically a joint

165
Q

status epilepticus

A

a prolonged seizure, or rapidly

recurring seizures.

166
Q

stoma

A

opening in the neck into the trachea.

167
Q

strain

A

injury to a muscle or tendon

168
Q

stroke

A

a lack of blood fl ow to the brain causing

permanent damage to the brain cells.

169
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

bleeding within the

subarachnoid space surrounding the brain

170
Q

subdural hematoma

A

bleeding beneath the dura

mater and above the brain.

171
Q

superficial burn

A

burn injury involving epidermal

layer only.

172
Q

supine hypotensive syndrome

A

hypotension caused
by impaired venous return due to pressure from
uterus.

173
Q

tachycardia

A

fast heart rate

174
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

175
Q

tendons

A

connects bone to muscle

176
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

progressive accumulation

of air in the pleural cavity.

177
Q

tertiary blast injuries

A

injuries caused when victims

are propelled against solid objects.

178
Q

thorax

A

area between the head and the abdomen.

179
Q

tibia

A

the medial bone of the lower leg.

180
Q

trachea

A

the windpipe

181
Q

tracheostomy

A

a surgical opening in the neck into

the trachea

182
Q

transverse plane or line

A

divides the body into top

and bottom portions.

183
Q

type I diabetes

A

insulin dependent diabetes.

184
Q

type II diabetes

A

non insulin dependent diabetes

185
Q

ulna

A

medial bone of the forearm

186
Q

vena cava

A

large veins which return blood to the

right heart.

187
Q

ventricle

A

lower chambers of the heart

188
Q

visceral pain

A

dull, diff use pain that is difficult to

localize.

189
Q

white blood cells

A

component of blood that fights

infection

EMT SCHOOL (21 decks)

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