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EMT SCHOOL > Cardiovascular Emergencies > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

3 Major Components to the Circulatory System

A

Heart-pump
Blood Vessels- pipes
Blood- fluid

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2
Q

3 Major Components to the Circulatory System

A

Heart-pump
Blood Vessels- pipes
Blood- fluid

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3
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

transient chest pain caused by lack of oxygen to the heart muscle. Oxygen demand temporarily exceeds the supply

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4
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

build up of plaque in a blood vessel, restricting or obstructing blood flow

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5
Q

Angina usually last no longer than

A

10 minutes

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6
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Angina

A

chest pain/pressure
weakness/fatigue
excessive sweating
abnormal vital signs

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7
Q

Angina Resolves with

A

Rest
oxygen
nitroglycerin

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8
Q

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI or MI)

A

when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.

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9
Q

AMI symptoms

A

chest pain/pressure
weakness/fatigue
excessive sweating
abnormal vital signs

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10
Q

Atypical Presentations of MI

A

not all patients experiencing MI have chest pain

  • some may experience silent MI (no pain)
  • some complain of indigestion
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11
Q

Patient groups that often experience atypical MI

A

geriatrics
women
diabetics
alcoholics

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12
Q

Complications of MI

A

Cardiac dysrhythmias
sudden cardiac arrest
CHF
cardiogenic shock

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13
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

occurs when ventricles are unable to keep up with the flow of blood coming to them

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14
Q

Signs and Symptoms of CHF

A

dyspnea
chest pain
pulmonary edema
JVD
pedal edema (fluid in the lower extremities)
orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying down)

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15
Q

Right Ventricle does what?

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it under low pressure into the lungs via the pulmonary artery.

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16
Q

Left Ventricle does what?

A

is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body

17
Q

Failure of the right ventricle causes what?

A

blood backs up into the venous system that feeds into the right heart

18
Q

Failure of the left ventricle causes what?

A

blood backs up into the lungs (pulmonary edema)

19
Q

What is considered to be hypertensive when it comes to BP?

A

systolic above 140

Diastolic above 90

20
Q

Hypertensive crisis

A

systolic bp above 190

diastolic bp above 94

21
Q

Signs and symptoms of of hypertension

A 
severe headache
ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
nausea
vomiting
dizziness
nose bleed
22
Q

What are the best options for medications when dealing with chest pain or symptoms of cardiac emergency?

A

nitroglycerin .4mg

Aspirin 4 equaling 324mg

EMT SCHOOL (21 decks)

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