Head and Spinal Injuries

Question 1

Head injuries include trauma to what?

Answer 1

scalp, skull, brain

Question 2

Scalp Injuries can be….

Answer 2

open or closed

Question 3

Why does the scalp bleed heavily?

Answer 3

the scalp is highly vascular

Question 4

Skull fracture is an indication of what?

Answer 4

injury to the brain

Question 5

Linear Fracture

Answer 5

do not present with deformity or depression

Question 6

Depressed Fracture

Answer 6

noticeable upon palpation and has an increased risk of brain injury

Question 7

Basal Skull Fracture

Answer 7

Occur at the base of the skull
cerebrospinal fluid may leak from nose and ears
bruising behind ears
raccoon eyes

Question 8

Concussion

Answer 8

temporarily cause brain function to be disrupted

Question 9

Signs and Symptoms of Concussion

Answer 9

Altered mental status
brief loss of consciousness
nausea
vomiting

Question 10

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 10

cant remember what happened after the injury

Question 11

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 11

Cant remember events before the injury

Question 12

Cerebral Contusion is accompanied by

Answer 12

edema and/or concussion

Question 13

Epidural Hematoma

Answer 13

bleeding beneath the skull but above the dura mater

Question 14

Epidural Hematoma includes significant

Answer 14

arterial bleeding

Question 15

Epidural Hematoma increases

Answer 15

intracranial pressure

Question 16

Epidural Hematoma is often accompanied by

Answer 16

temporal skull fracture

Question 17

Subdural hematoma

Answer 17

Bleeding above the brain

beneath the dura mater and above the arachnoid meningeal layer

Question 18

Subdural Hematoma is often caused by

Answer 18

venous bleeding following cerebral contusion

Question 19

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Answer 19

bleeding within the subarachnoid space

Question 20

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage allows blood to enter the

Answer 20

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 21

Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Answer 21

bleeding within the brain tissue

Question 22

Intracerebral Hemorrhage has a high….

Answer 22

mortality rate

Question 23

Herniation Syndrome

Answer 23

when the brain is compressed due to excessive intracranial pressure

Question 24

Cushings Response

Answer 24

Hypertension
Bradycardia
Altered respiratory pattern

Question 25

Spinal Trauma (Flexion)

Answer 25

extreme forward movement of head (chin to chest)

Question 26

Spinal Trauma (extension)

Answer 26

extreme backward movement of head

Rear-impact accident

Question 27

Spinal Trauma (compression)

Answer 27

compression of head against body

diving injury

Question 28

Spinal Trauma (Rotation)

Answer 28

extreme lateral movement

Question 29

Spinal Trauma (Distraction)

Answer 29

stretching of spinal column and cord (hanging)

Question 30

Spinal Trauma (Lateral Bending)

Answer 30

extreme bending of the head (ear to shoulder)

Question 31

Penetrating Injury

Answer 31

gunshot/stab wounds

Question 32

Motor Deficits

Answer 32

weak or absent grips, pushes, pulls

Question 33

Sensory Deficits

Answer 33

inability to feel or sense touch

Question 34

Paraplegia

Answer 34

paralysis of lower extremities

Question 35

Quadriplegia

Answer 35

paralysis of all extremities

Question 36

Transected chord (severed chord) causes

Answer 36

paralysis below the level of injury

Question 37

Neurogenic Shock can cause

Answer 37

priapism - involuntary penile erection

Question 38

Spinal Immobilization Techniques

Answer 38

long spine board

half spine board

Question 39

What will help maintain in-line stabilization in pediatric patients?

Answer 39

padding behind the shoulders