Neck & Posterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior border - Posterior border of the SCM
Posterior border - Anterior border of the trapezius
Inferior border - Mid-3rd of the clavicle
Apex - Superior nuchal line of occipital bone

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2
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the neck and what do each contain?

A

Visceral (in the mid-line of neck) - contains; trachea, oesophagus, thyroid/ parathyroid glands.
Vascular (2 lateral compartments) - Contains BV - carotid sheath, internal carotid and jugular and vagus nerve.
Vertebral (in mid-line of neck) - LARGE posterior compartment containing cervical spine, muscles and cervical nerves.

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3
Q

What are the attachments (origins) of the SCM?

A

Sternal head - menubrium of sternum
Clavicular head - superior surface of medial third of clavicle

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4
Q

What is the function of fascia?

A

Containment. protection and allowing structures to slide during movement

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5
Q

What is superficial fascia, where is it and what does it contain?

A

THIN fatty neck tissue.
Between dermis and investing deep cervical fascia
Contains - cutaneous nerves, BV, lymphatics and anterolaterally the PLATYSMA MUSCLE.

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6
Q

What are the 3 deep fascia layers?

A

Investing, pre-tracheal and pre-vertebral

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7
Q

Where is INVESTING layer of deep fascia located?

A

Completely surrounds neck - deep to skin/ subcutaneous tissue.
‘invests’ (encloses) trapezius and SCM, parotid and submandibular glands.
Pierced by external and anterior jugular veins and cervical plexus nerves.

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8
Q

What are the contents of the posterior triangle?

A

Spinal accessory nerve
Subclavian artery and vein
Brachial plexus trunks
Omohyoid inferior belly
Transverse cervical nerve

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9
Q

What are the subdivisions of the posterior triangle what muscle splits them?

A

Occipital triangle
Subclavian (omoclavicular) triangle

Omohyoid

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10
Q

Action of trapezius

A

Stabilises the scapula
Assists in rotating scapula during abduction of humerus;
upper fibres ELEVATE
middle ABDUCT
lower DEPRESS scapula

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11
Q

Action of SCM

A

Unilateral - moves head to side (opposite one to muscle that contracts)
Bilateral - moves neck up and down

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12
Q

What is the cervical plexus and what are its cutaneous (superficial) branches and deep (muscular) branches?

A

Nerve cluster posterior to border of SCM
Cutaneous - lesser occipital, great auricular and transverse cervical, supraclavicular (let’s go to sleep)
Muscular - muscular branches to SCM, prevertebral, levator scapule, ansa cervicalis, phrenic (M (neck, spine, shoulder) AP)

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13
Q

What is the external jugular vein’s function and where does it run?

A

Drains the blood from brain, parotid gland, most of scalp and side of face.
Drains into SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY (to heart).
Runs ACCROSS SCM.

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14
Q

What is the anterior jugular vein’s function and where does it drain?

A

Superficial vein that drains anterior aspect of neck.
Drains into the EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

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15
Q

What are the actions of the scalene muscles? (anterior and middle)

A

They both elevate the first rib and cause flexion of the neck (chin down motion)

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16
Q

Origin and insertion of the levator scupulae?

A

Origin - posterior surface of the transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion - posterior surface of the scapula

17
Q

Action of levator scupulae

A

Elevates and rotates the scapula

18
Q

Insertion of the SCM

A

The mastoid process of the temporal bone and the nuchal line of occipital bone.