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Anatomy (Neck and Head) > Neck II (11.20.17) > Flashcards

Neck II (11.20.17) Flashcards

1
Q

At what vertebral levels is the thyroid gland located?

A

C5-T1

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2
Q

What does the superior thyroid artery branch off of?

A

External carotid artery

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3
Q

What does the inferior thyroid artery branch off of?

A

thyrocervical trunk

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4
Q

Where does the thyroid ima artery branch from?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

*can be damaged with a tracheotomy

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5
Q

Where do the superior thyroid vein and the middle thyroid vein drain?

A

Internal jugular vein

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6
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

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7
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4

  • 2 superior parathyroid glands
  • 2 inferior parathyroid glands

*located in the posterior thyroid

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8
Q

Pharynx: Constrictor muscle action?

A

Constrict the pharynx during swallowing

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9
Q

What is the innervation for the constrictor muscles?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

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10
Q

Where do the constrictor muscles fuse posteriorly?

A

Raphe

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11
Q

Origin of the supeior constrictor?

A
  1. Pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid bone

2. mandible

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12
Q

Origin of the middle constrictor?

A

Hyoid bone

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13
Q

Origin of the inferior constrictor?

A
  1. Thyroid cartilage

2. Cricoid cartilage

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14
Q

Where does the stylopharyngeus insert?

A

Between superior and middle constrictor

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15
Q

What is the action of the styopharyngeus muscle?

A

Elevates pharynx

Elevates larynx

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16
Q

What is the innervation of stylopharyngeus?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

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17
Q

Where are the piriform recesses located?

A

Laryngopharynx

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18
Q

Piriform recesses are depresseions on either side of what where food can commonly become lodged?

A

laryngeal inlet

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19
Q

What is the laryngopharynx continuous with?

A

Esophagus

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20
Q

What innervates the mucosa of the oropharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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21
Q

What nerve is stylopharyngeus muscle innervated by?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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22
Q

What provides innervation to the mucosa of the laryngopharynx (including piriform recesses)?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

throat clearing

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23
Q

Constrictor muscles (superior, middle and inferior) are supplied by what nerve?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

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24
Q

What provides the sensory innervation of the Gag reflex?

A

glossopharyngeal CN IX

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25
Q

What provides the motor portion of the Gag reflex?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

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26
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

-Phonation (sound production)
-Respiration (protection),
Prevents swallowed material from entering trachea

27
Q

At what spinal levels is the larynx located?

A

C3-C6

28
Q

What part of the thyroid cartilage is known as “Adam’s Apple”?

A

laryngeal prominence

29
Q

Articulation between the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage permit what types of movement?

A
  • Rotation of thyroid cartilage
  • Gliding of thyroid cartilage

*affect length of the vocal folds

30
Q

Where does the epiglottic cartilage attach?

A

thyroid cartilage

31
Q

What type of cartilage is the epiglottic cartilage made of?

A

elastic cartilage (not hyaline)

32
Q

Why is movement at the base of the arytenoid cartilage significant?

A

Allows movement of arytenoid cartilages, which abduct/adducts & tenses vocal folds

33
Q

The base of the arytenoid cartilages articulates with what?

A

Cricoid cartilage

34
Q

The epiglottic cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage are connected by what?

A

Quadrangular membrane

35
Q

What is the border of the quadrangular membrane?

A

vestibular fold

36
Q

When is a cricothyrotomy performed?

A

emergency situation (establishes airway between thyroid and cricoid cartilage)

*above thyroid

37
Q

When is a tracheotomy performed?

A

if placing a tracheostomy tube for mechanically assisted breathing

*below thyroid

38
Q

What are the 3 parts of the laryngeal cavity?

A
  1. Vestibule
  2. Ventricle
  3. Infraglottic cavity
39
Q

False vocal cords are also known as what?

A

Vestibular folds

40
Q

Ventricle is between what two structures?

A

vestibular and vocal folds

41
Q

Vestibule of the laryngeal vacity is between what two structures?

A
  • laryngeal inlet

- vestibular folds

42
Q

What is the name for the aperture between the vocal folds?

A

rima glottidis

43
Q

Where are the vestibular folds (“false vocal cords”) in relation to the vocal folds?

A

Vestibular folds are superior to the vocal folds

44
Q

Which 2 muscles elevate the larynx?

A
  1. Suprahyoid muscles

2. Thyrohyoid

45
Q

Which infrahyoid muscle depresses the larynx?

A

Sternothyroid

46
Q

What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

Exception: cricothyroid muscle innervated by external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

47
Q

What is the action of aryepiglottic?

A

close laryngeal inlet

48
Q

What 3 muscles adduct the vocal folds (closes rima glottidis)?

A
  1. Lateral cricoarytenoid
  2. Transverse arytenoid
  3. Oblique arytenoids
49
Q

Which muscle abducts the vocal folds?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

50
Q

Which muscle stretches/tenses the vocal folds?

A

Cricothyroid

51
Q

Which muscle relaxes the vocal folds?

A

Thyroarytenoid

52
Q

Name the 2 branches that innervate the larynx?

A
  1. Superior laryngeal nerve

2. Inferior laryngeal nerve

53
Q

What nerve does the superior laryngeal nerve arise from?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

54
Q

Where does the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve supply sensory to?

A

internal branch supplies sensory only to mucose of larynx superior to vocal folds

55
Q

The External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve supplies motor innervation to what muscle?

A

cricothyroid muscle (stretches/tenses the vocal folds)

56
Q

The inferior laryngeal nerve is a continuation of what nerve?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

57
Q

The inferior larygneal nerve supplies motor innervation to what?

A

intrinsic muscles of larynx

58
Q

The inferior larygneal nerve supplies sensory to what?

A

inferior laryngeal nerve suppllies sensory innervation to mucosa inferior to vocal folds

59
Q

Superior laryngeal artery is a branch from what?

A

supeior laryngeal artery is a branch of superior thyroid artery (which comes from external carotid)

(travels with the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (through thryohyoid membrane))

60
Q

Where does the inferior laryngeal artery branch from?

A

thyrocervical trunk > inferior thyroid artery > inferior laryngeal artery

(travels with the inferior laryngeal nerve)

61
Q

Where are the sympathetic trunks located in relation to carotid sheath?

A

sympathetic trunks are posterior to the carotid sheath

62
Q

Unilateral damage of the sympathetic nervous system (cervical or thoracic) is the cause of what?

A

Horner’s Syndrome

63
Q

Name 3 symptoms a patient with Horner’s syndrome will present with?

A
  1. Drooping upper eyelid
  2. Constricted pupil (Miosis)
  3. Decreased sweating (Anhidrosis)
64
Q

What vertebral level is the superior cervical ganglion located?

A

C1-C2

Anatomy (Neck and Head) (8 decks)

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