Nasal Cavity and Ear Flashcards
Name the 3 cartilages of the nose
- Lateral
- Alar
- Septal
What is the name for the opening to the nasal cavity
Piriform aperture
What is the name for the internal, most posterior window of the nasal cavity
Choanae
Which 4 bones comprise the roof of the nasal cavity?
- Nasal bones
- Frontal bone
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
Which 2 bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?
- Maxillae
2. Palatine bones
Which 6 bones comprise the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
- Maxilla
- Lacrimal
- Superior nasal concha (Ethmoid)
- Middle nasal concha (Ethmoid)
- Inferior nasal concha
- Palatine
Which 5 bones make up the medial walls of the nasal cavity
- Maxilla
- Septal cartilage
- Perpendicular plate (Ethmoid)
- Vomer
- Palatine
Which 3 bones form the Choanae
- Vomer
- Palatine
- Sphenoid
What is the name for the area between the roof of the nasal cavity and the superior nasal conchae
sphenoethoidal recess
What are the names for the spaces between the concha
superior, middle, and inferior meatus
Frontal sinuses drain via ___ into ____
frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
Ethmoidal sinuses drain into ______
- middle meatus
- superior meatus
Sphenoidal sinuses drain into ________
sphenoethmoidal recess
Maxillary sinuses drain into ______
semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
Which sinuses drain into the middle meatus
- Frontal
- Ethmoidal
- Maxillary
Which nerves innervate the hard palate and maxillary gingivae?
- Nasopalatine nerves (CN V2)
2. Greater palatine nerves (CN V2)
What does the nasopalatine nerve (CN V2) innervate?
- Posterior nasal septum
- Hard palate
- Maxillary gingiva
When is the soft palate in contact with the tongue?
Depression, e.g. while breathing only through nose
When is the soft palate in contact with the posterior wall of pharynx?
Elevation, e.g. when swallowing
What is the action of levator veli palatini?
elevate the soft palate (important for swallowing)
What innervates levator veli palatini?
Vagus CN X
Tensor veli palatini innervation
mandibular nerve (CN V3)
Palatoglossus action
- depress soft palate
2. Elevate tongue
Palatoglossus innervation
vagus nerve (CN X)
Palatopharyngeus action
tense the soft palate
Palatopharyngeus innervation
Vagus nerve (CN X)
Which muscles tense the soft palate?
- Tensor veli palatini (CN V3)
2. Palatopharyneus (CN X)
Which mucosal arch is most anterior?
palatoglossal arch
Which mucosal arch is most posterior?
palatopharyngeal arch
What structure is inbetween the two mucosal arches of the soft palate?
palatine tonsils
Which two vessels supply the palatine tonsils?
- branches from the Facial artery
2. Ascending pharyngeal artery
Which muscles open the auditory tube?
- tensory veli palatini
- levator veli palatini
Which nerve innervates the external tympanic membrane?
auriculotemporal (CN V3)
Which nerve innervates the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?
glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Which part of the cranium houses the middle ear
petrous part of temporal bone
Where does the middle ear drain into?
Nasopharynx
auditory tube drains postero-laterally
What is another name for pharyngeal tonsils?
Adenoids (when englarged)
Which glands produce cerumen
sebaceous and ceruminous glands
What does the tympanic membrane communicate with postero-superiorly?
mastoid antrum/air cells of the mastoid process of the temporal bone
*otitis media can spread here
Which bone articulates with the TM?
malleus (hammer)
Which muscle attaches to the handle of malleus?
tensor tympani
What nerve innervates tensor tympani?
CN V3
Which middle ear bone is between the malleus and stapes?
incus (“anvil”)
Stapes “stirrup” footplate attaches where on inner ear?
oval window
Which muscle inserts on stapes?
stapedius
What nerve innervates stapedius?
Facial CN VII
What are the 3 branches Facial nerve (CN VII) gives off in the middle ear?
- Greater petrosal nerve
- Nerve to stapedius
- Chorda tympani
Which two cranial nerves have branches in the middle ear?
- Facial (greater petrosal nerve, nerve to stapedius, chorda tympani)
- Glossopharyngeal CN IX (tympanic nerve (forms tympanic plexus), lesser petrosal nerve)
Lesser petrosal nerve
-preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to parotid gland (synapse at otic ganglion)
Where do parasympathetics of the greater petrosal nerve (facial CN VII) synapse?
pterygopalatine ganglion
Describe the pathway of the greater petrosal nerve (CN VII)
Travels on branches of CN V1 and CN V2 to the lacrimal gland.
Travels on branches of CN V2 to mucosa of palate and nasal cavity.
What does chorda tympani “hitchhike” on to the submandibular ganglion?
branches of CN V3 (lingual)
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) supply sensory to?
- pharynx
- posterior 1/3 of tongue
- Inner tympanic membrane
- Parasympathetic to Parotid gland (via lesser petrosal)
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) supply motor to?
stylophyaryngeus (elevates pharynx and larynx)
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) supply taste to?
posterior 1/3 of the tongue
What nerve innervates the carotid body and carotid sinus?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Describe the pathway of the lesser petrosal nerve
Glossopharyngeal CN IX > Lesser petrosal nerve > otic ganglion > hitchhike with V3 to parotid gland
Where is the oval window located?
lateral wal of vestibule, articulates with foot of stapes
Where is the round window?
lateral wall of cochlea
What are the semicircular canals
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Lateral
