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Anatomy (Neck and Head) > Face and Scalp (11.29.17) > Flashcards

Face and Scalp (11.29.17) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones of the viscerocranium?

A
  • Ethmoid
  • Lacrimal
  • Nasal
  • Maxilla
  • Vomer
  • Palatine (two bones that make up the hard palate)
  • Zygomatic
  • Mandible
  • Inferior Nasal Concha
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2
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A 
S-skin
C-connective tissue
A-aponeurosis
L-loose connective tissue (*continuous with eyelids and root of nose)
P-periosteum
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3
Q

Which nerves supply the scalp?

A

Trigeminal (V1, V2, V3)
Cervical nerves
-Lesser occipital nerve
-Greater occipital nerve

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4
Q

What are the 4 arteries supplying the scalp?

A
  1. Supraorbital
  2. Superifical temporal
  3. Posterior auricular
  4. Occipital
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5
Q

Deep lacerations of the scalp can gape widely if they pass which layer of the scalp?

A

Layer 3 (aponeurosis)

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6
Q

If a patient has an infection in the 4 layer of the scalp (loose connective tissue), how might they spread to the cranial cavity?

A

Via the emissary veins to the dural venous sinuses

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7
Q

What nerve innervats the major muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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8
Q

Action of Frontalis?

A

elevates the eyebrows

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9
Q

What is the name of the aponeurosis connecting frontalis and occipitalis?

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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10
Q

What is the action of orbicularis oculi?

A

closes eyelids, protects eye

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11
Q

What are the two parts of orbicularis oculi?

A
  1. Palpebral part

2. Orbital part

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12
Q

What is the action of the palpebral part of orbicularis oculi?

A

gently closes eyelid

ex. sleep, blinking

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13
Q

What is the action of the orbial part of orbicularis oculi?

A

Forcefully closes eyelids

ex. squinting

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14
Q

What is the action of orbicularis oris?

A 
Closes mouth
(Also important or speech and mastication)
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15
Q

What is the action of buccinator?

A
  1. compresses cheek during mastication so food remains between occlusal suraces of the molar teeth
  2. Sucking
  3. Whistling

(deep to masseter muscle)

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16
Q

Where is the buccal fat pad located?

A

Superficial to buccinator

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17
Q

What is the name of the canal the Facial nerve (CN VII) passes through in the temporal bone?

A

Facial canal in the temporal bone

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18
Q

Where does Facial Nerve (CN VII) exit the cranium?

A

Facial nerve exits through the stylomastoid foramen

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19
Q

Name the 5 branches of the facial nerve

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Mandibular
  5. Cervical

(these terminal branchesare given off once the facial nerve enters the parotid gland)

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20
Q

When does the facial nerve give off the posterior auricular nerve?

A

before entering the parotid gland

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21
Q

What muscle does the posterior auricular nerve innervate?

A

Posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve innervates:

  1. occipitalis belly of occipitofrontalis
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22
Q

Sagging lower eyelid, inability to close the eye (dehyrdation and ulceration of the cornea), drooping angle of the mouth, difficulty keeping food against occlusal surfaces of teeth are symptoms of what?

A

Bell’s Palsy (Facial nerve - CN VII)

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23
Q

What does the Trigeminal nerve innervate?

A

sensory on face

also muscles of mastication

24
Q

What is the major branch of the opthalmic nerve (CN V1)?

A

supraorbital

25
Q

What does the supraorbital branch supply?

A
  • skin of forehead

- upper eyelids

26
Q

Where does the supraorbital branch of the ophthalmic nerve emerge after passing through the superior orbital fissure?

A

supraorbital notch/foramen in the frontal bone

27
Q

What is the name for the viral infection of CN V1 resulting in unilateral eruption of vesicles?

A

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

28
Q

What is the major branch of the Maxillary nerve (CN V2)?

A

Infraorbital

29
Q

Which 2 branches of Trigeminal nerve (CN V) pass through the cavernous sinus?

A
  1. Ophthalmic
  2. Maxillary

(mandibular nerve doesn’t pass through the cavernous sinus)

30
Q

Where does the infraorbital nerve exit the cranium?

A

Infraorbital foramen

31
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve (CN V3) exit the skull?

A

Foramen ovale

*doesn’t travel through the canvernous sinus

32
Q

What are the 3 major sensory branches of the mandibular nerve (V3)?

A
  1. Auricuotemporal nerve
  2. Buccal nerve
  3. Mental nerve
33
Q

What does the infraorbital branch of CN V2 supply?

A
  • skin of lower eyelid
  • lateral aspects of the nose
  • maxillary region
  • zygomatic region (up to temples)
  • upper lip
34
Q

Motor for mandibular nerve (CN V3)?

A

muscles of mastication:

  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
  3. Lateral pterygoid
  4. Medial pterygoid
35
Q

Sensory for auriculotemporal nerve (V3)?

A
  • auricle
  • external acoustic meatus
  • external aspect o the tympanic membrane
  • skin in the temporal region
36
Q

Sensory for buccal nerve (CN V3)?

A
  • skin of cheek
  • mucous membranes of cheek

(pierces but doesn’t supply buccinator)

37
Q

Sensory for mental nerve (CN V3)?

A

*mental nerve is a branch of inferior alveolar nerve

  • skin of chin
  • mucous membrane of the lower lip
38
Q

The facial artery branches from what?

A

external carotid artery

39
Q

Where does the facial artery terminate?

A

Facial artery terminates as the angular artery (alongside the nose)

40
Q

What two branches does the facial artery give off?

A

superior and inferior labial arteries

41
Q

Where is the facial pulse palpable?

A

Facial artery, palpable just anterior to the masseter muscle (only covered by skin and platysma muscle)

42
Q

Superficial temporal artery is the terminal branch of what artery?

A

superficial temporal artery is the terminal branch of external carotid artery

43
Q

Which nerve does the superfical temporal artery course with?

A

Superficial temporal artery courses with auriculotemporal nerve anterior to external ear

44
Q

From what does the transverse facial artery branch off?

A

superficial temporal artery

branches off just below the cheek bone

45
Q

Supraorbital arteries are a branch from which artery?

A

Internal carotid artery

46
Q

What does the angular vein drain into?

A

facial vein

47
Q

What does the facial vein join to form the internal jugular vein?

A

Facial vein + anterior branch of retromandibular vein = internal jugular vein

48
Q

At the medial angle of the eye, the angular vein communicates with what vein which drains into the cavernous sinus?

A

Angular vein communicates with the superior ophthalmic vein which drains into the cavernous sinus

49
Q

Via the deep facial vein the facial vein communicates with what?

A

pterygoid plexus

50
Q

Do the facial, angular and opthalmic veins have valves?

A

No. this is significant as it is a possible route of infection between the face and the cranial cavity

51
Q

Which is the largest of the three paired salivary glands?

A

Parotid gland

others are sublignual and submandibular

52
Q

Name 3 important structures passing through the Parotid gland

A
  1. Facial nerve
  2. Retromandibular vein
  3. External carotid artery
53
Q

What are the 3 structures emerging anteriorly from the parotid gland?

A
  1. Terminal branches of the facial nerve (5)
  2. Parotid duct
  3. Transverse facial artery
54
Q

What are the 2 structures emergin superiorly from the parotid gland?

A
  1. Auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3)

2. Superficial temporal vessels

55
Q

What structure emerges posteriorly from the parotid gland?

A

Posterior auricular nerve (CN VII)

-below the ear

Anatomy (Neck and Head) (8 decks)

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