Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pt Assess II Final > Neck and Spine Lecture > Flashcards

Neck and Spine Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of joints

A
  • Fibrous (immovable)
  • Cartilaginous (minimal movement)
  • Synovial (freely moveable)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe cartilaginous joints

A
  • Minimal movement
  • Cartilage b/w bony surfaces
  • AC joint, symphysis pubis, vertebral bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe fibrous joints

A
  • Immovable

- Skull sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe synovial joints

A
  • Freely moveable
  • Articular cartilage, synovial fluid/joint capsule, ligament
  • Ball and socket (hip, shoulder)
  • Hinge (fingers, elbow)
  • Condylar (knee, TMJ)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TMJ - type of joint and description

A
  • Synovial joint

- Busiest joint of the body (talking and chewing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the busiest joint of the body?

A

TMJ (talking and chewing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the TMJ formed by

A
  • Fossa/articular tubercle of temporal bone

- Condyle of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inspection of TMJ:

A
  • Redness, swelling, deformity
  • Swelling may be just anterior to external auditory meatus
  • Check for symmetry bilat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Palpation of TMJ:

A
  • Fingers anterior to tragus
  • Pt opens mouth
  • Should have smooth ROM
  • Snap or click w/o pain is ok
  • Note swelling/tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primary supporting structure of the trunk?

A

Spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vertebral column consists of:

A
  • 24 vertebrae (7 C, 12 T, 5 L)
  • 1 fused sacrum and coccyx (vestigial tail)
  • Offset by intervertebral discs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the spinal nerves protected by?

A

Intervertebral foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the spinal cord protected by?

A

Posterior vertebral arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are the spinal joints slightly moveable?

A

Between the vertebral bodies and articular facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define intrinsic muscles

A

Originates in the limb or part in which it inserts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define extrinsic muscles

A

Does NOT originate within the part or limb in which it inserts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the back

A
  • Extend from cranium to pelvis
  • Maintain posture and move vertebral column
  • Divided into superficial, intermediate, deep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the back

A
  • Connect upper extremities to the trunk
  • V shaped muscles of upper and mid back
  • Lat dorsi, trap, rhomboids, levator scapulae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Muscles involved in C-spine motion (flex, ext, rotation, lat bending)

A
  • Flex: SCM, scalene, pre-vertebrals
  • Extension: trap, splenius, small intrinsics
  • Rotation: SCM, small intrinsics
  • Lat bending: scalene, small intrinsics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SCM, scalene, pre-vertebrals control what C-spine movement?

A

Flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Trap, splenius, small intrinsics control what C-spine movement?

A

Extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SCM and small intrinsics control what C-spine movement?

A

Rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Scalene and small intrinsics controls what C-spine movement?

A

Lateral bending

24
Q

Inspection of spine from the side:

A
  • Cervical lordosis
  • Thoracic kyphosis
  • Lumbar lordosis
25
Q

What is a gibbous?

A

Exaggeration of the thoracic kyphosis (hunchback)

26
Q

What is a Dowager’s hump? What causes it?

A
  • Exaggeration of the thoracic kyphosis in post-menopausal women
  • Caused by osteoporotic wedge fractures
27
Q

Inspection of spine from behind:

A
  • Alignment of shoulders and iliac crests
  • Gluteal folds
  • Look for scoliosis
28
Q

Scoliosis of the C-spine is a form of:

A

Torticollis (or can arise form abnormal muscle spasm)

29
Q

What will scoliosis of the C-spine cause?

A

Uneven shoulder height

30
Q

Uneven shoulder height could be a sign of:

A

C-spine scoliosis

31
Q

Palpation of the spine:

A
  • Spinous processes (C7 most prominent, note any tenderness)
  • SI joint
  • Paravertebral muscles
  • Sciatic notch
32
Q

Tenderness at C1-C2 in patients with RA can indicate?

A

Impending high cervical subluxation

33
Q

How to palpate sciatic nerve?

A

-In sciatic notch
-Pt lies on opposite side, hip flexed
-Just lateral to ischial tuberosity
(or standing w/hip and knee flexed)

34
Q

Percussion of the spine:

A

Gentle thumping w/ulnar aspect of fist

35
Q

Most motion in the spine is in the:

A

C-spine

36
Q

ROM testing for C-spine:

A
  • Flexion (chin to chest)
  • Extension (look up)
  • Rotation (look over shoulder)
  • Lat bending (tilt head toward shoulder)
37
Q

T and L spine ROM

A
  • Flexion (pt bend over)
  • Extension (place hand on small back and ask them to bend backwards)
  • Rotation
  • Lat bending
38
Q

Patient w/cervical radiculopathy may have:

A

Neuro deficits in UE

39
Q

Patient w/cervical myelopathy may have:

A

Neuro deficits in UE OR LE

40
Q

Special tests for C-spine:

A

Distraction, compression, Valsalva, swallowing, Adson’s/Wright’s

41
Q

What is distraction test and how to do it?

A
  • Special test of C spine
  • Place open palm of dominant hand under pts chin, other hand over occiput, gently lift head to distract spine
  • Is pain relieved?
42
Q

Mechanism of distraction test

A

C spine can sometimes relieve pain due to narrowing of neural foramen or by decreasing pressure on capsules around facet joint

43
Q

What is the compression test?

A
  • Special test of C spine
  • Opposite of distraction test
  • May provoke symptoms of cervical or radicular pain
  • Press down on pts head and see if this provokes pain
44
Q

What is the Valsalva test?

A
  • Special test of C spine
  • Hold breath and bear down, pain anywhere?
  • Intra-abdominal pressure increases thereby increasing intrathecal pressure (CNS)
  • Pain my be provoked in a dermatome
45
Q

What is the swallowing test?

A
  • Special test of C spine
  • Pts w/anterior cervical disk herniation or bony osteophytes can have difficulty swallowing if disk/osteophyte is pressing against esophagus
46
Q

When is Adson’s test performed?

A

Only in patients with positional shoulder pain

47
Q

Adson’s vs. Wright’s test

A
  • Adson’s turn head to same side

- Wright’s turn head to opposite side

48
Q

Inspection of lumbar spine:

A
  • Redness, cafe-au-lait spots, lipomas

- Evaluate posture, check for scoliosis

49
Q

Lipomas in lumbar spine area may be a sign of:

A

Spina bifida

50
Q

Palpation of lumbar spine

A
  • Sit on stool behind pt
  • Fingers over iliac crests, thumbs rest over L4-L5
  • Palpate spinous processes moving up then back down
51
Q

Lumbar spine special tests:

A
  • SLR
  • Crossed SLR
  • Hoover test
52
Q

What is the straight leg raise test designed to do?

A

Stretch sciatic nerve and reproduce back or leg pain

53
Q

With HNP, pain during the SLR test occurs at what angle?

A

30-70 degrees

54
Q

During SLR, sciatic nerve is stretched between what angles?

A

30-70 degrees

55
Q

SLR technique

A
  • Lift leg supporting heel and knee
  • Note angle at which pt feels pain and location (back vs leg)
  • Lower leg until pain resolves then dorsiflex foot
  • If NO pain, then prob hamstring tightness
56
Q

What is the crossed SLR test?

A

SLR on the uninvolved side

57
Q

What is the Hoover test?

A
  • To determine malingering
  • Cup hands under each heel
  • Tell pt to lift good leg first (try to feel downward pressure of “bad” leg)
  • If they are actually weak, you should NOT feel this

Pt Assess II Final (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions