Endocrine Lecture

Question 1

MC pituitary adenoma?

Answer 1

Prolactin or GH secreting (60%)

Question 2

Female manifestations of prolactin secreting adenoma?

Answer 2

• Amenorrhea

- Galactorrhea

Question 3

Male manifestations of prolactin secreting adenoma?

Answer 3

• Decreased libido
• Impotence
• High prolactin levels (breast development and lactation)

Question 4

Main presentation of GH hypersecretory tumors?

Answer 4

Acromegaly

Question 5

Adrenal cortex disorders:

Answer 5

Cushing’s and Addison’s

Question 6

Adrenal medullary disorders:

Answer 6

Pheochromocytoma

Question 7

S/S Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 7

• Buffalo hump, moon facies
• Truncal obesity
• Purple striae on trunk
• Facial hirsutism

Question 8

S/S Addison’s disease

Answer 8

• Weakness/fatigue
• Hyperpigmentation
• Wt loss
• Dehydration
• Cold intolerance

Question 9

S/S of pheochromocytoma

Answer 9

• Tachycardia
• Palpitations
• HA
• N/V
• Clammy skin

Question 10

S/S hypoparathyroidism

Answer 10

• Tingling face, hands, feet
• Muscle cramps
• Abdominal pain
• Seizures

Question 11

S/S hyperparathyroidism

Answer 11

• Muscle aches/pains
• N/V
• Constipation
• Excessive urination/thirst
• Thinning bone

Question 12

Osteoporosis/osteomalacia is MC in what populations?

Answer 12

Post menopausal white and Chinese women

Question 13

S/S Paget’s disease

Answer 13

• If skull affected: increased head size, decreased hearing

- Bending of bones

Question 14

S/S Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 14

• Fragile bone structure
• Triangular shaped face
• Blue sclera
• Scoliosis
• Fractured teeth

Question 15

What is diabetic ketoacidosis?

Answer 15

Hyperglycemic state resulting from severe insulin deficiency

Question 16

Which condition is too much cortisol?

Answer 16

Cushing’s Syndrome

Question 17

Which condition is not enough cortisol?

Answer 17

Addison’s Disease

Question 18

How does acromegaly present when growth plates have already fused?

Answer 18

Increased hand and foot size

Question 19

How does acromegaly present when growth plates have not fused yet?

Answer 19

Pituitary gigantism (8 feet or more)

Question 20

How does a pituitary growth cause neural compression and what does it present as?

Answer 20

• Pituitary is located inferior to optic chiasm and can compress the fibers
• A growth causing neural compression will result in bitemporal hemianopsia (tunnel vision)

Question 21

If rhinorrhea is watery and clear, what do you test for to confirm CSF?

Answer 21

Glucose

Question 22

CSF rhinorrhea can occur with what condition?

Answer 22

Pituitary growth causing neural compression

Question 23

What is prognathism and what is it a/w?

Answer 23

Prominent jaw

A/w acromegaly (GH secreting pituitary tumor)

Question 24

How does thyroiditis present? Phases?

Answer 24

• Neck pain and fever
• Acute phase: s/s of HYPERthyroid with a tender thyroid
• Recovery phase: s/s of HYPOthyroid

Question 25

What is a cold thyroid nodule?

Answer 25

• Nonfunctional

- Asymptomatic

Question 26

What is a hot thyroid nodule?

Answer 26

• Functional

- Pt may show s/s