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Pt Assess II Final > Knee Foot Ankle Lecture > Flashcards

Knee Foot Ankle Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Inspection of knee:

A
  • Alignment (valgus or varus)
  • Curvature (viewed from side)
  • Swelling
  • Muscle symmetry
  • Patella alignment
  • Flat feet?
  • Gait
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2
Q

What is genu valgus?

A

Tibia is angled away from midline (knock knees)

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3
Q

What is genu varus?

A

Tibia is angled toward midline (bow legged)

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4
Q

What is genu recurvatum? Who is affected by this?

A
  • Hyperextension curvature of the knee (viewed from the side)
  • MC females and those w/lax ligaments
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5
Q

Palpation of the knee:

A
  • Patella and patellar tendon
  • Suprapatellar pouch
  • Quad (while pt extends knee)
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6
Q

What is the apprehension test of the knee?

A
  • Place thumb on medial patella and push laterally
  • Watch pt for apprehension
  • Sign of patellar instability
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7
Q

What can cause knee joint line tenderness?

A

OA, meniscal tears/cysts, synovitis

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8
Q

What is the Lachman’s test?

A
  • Test for ACL injury
  • Support knee with both hands
  • Flex knee to 30 degrees
  • Draw tibia anteriorly to check for anterior translation and laxity
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9
Q

In an uninjured ACL, which is more critical - degree of laxity or asymmetry?

A

Asymmetry

laxity is more important in an injured ACL

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10
Q

What is the anterior draw test?

A
  • Another test for ACL injury
  • Not as sensitive as Lachman
  • Anchor foot by sitting on it
  • Draw tibia anteriorly
  • Compare symmetry and laxity like Lachman
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11
Q

Anterior draw vs. Lachman

A

Both tests for ACL injury

Lachman is more sensitive

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12
Q

MCL tear grading

A 
Grade 2: 5 to 10 mm laxity 
Grade 3 (complete): Over 10 mm laxity
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13
Q

What is the least commonly torn knee ligament?

A

LCL

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14
Q

How to test for MCL injury?

A

Apply valgus stress gently

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15
Q

How to test for LCL injury?

A

Apply varus stress gently

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16
Q

What is McMurray’s test?

A
  • Assess for torn meniscus in knee
  • “Stirring the pot” (rotate leg internally and externally)
  • Maintain small valgus stress
  • Positive is pain and joint line tenderness
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17
Q

What is the Apley grind test?

A
  • Assess for torn meniscus in knee

- Like McMurray’s but pt lies prone

18
Q

What is the squeeze test for the knee?

A
  • Extensor dysfunction
  • Squeeze quad at attachment to patella and have pt gently tighten quad muscle
  • Positive is pain
19
Q

Inspection of foot and ankle:

A
  • Shoes for abnormal wear
  • Count toes
  • Hallux valgus deformity
  • Ingrown toenails
20
Q

Flat feet patients will wear down which side of shoes?

A

Medial

21
Q

Foot drop patients will wear down which side of shoes?

A

Toes of shoes will be scuffed

22
Q

What is pes cavus?

A

Abnormally high arch in the foot

23
Q

What is pes planus?

A

Flat feet

24
Q

What is Haglund’s deformity?

A
  • Aka pump bump
  • Over achilles insertion into calcaneus
  • Caused by excessive pressure/tight shoes
25
Q

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?

A

-Anterior talofibular
-Calcaneofibular
-Posterior talofibular
(Not as strong as deltoid ligaments)

26
Q

How are the lateral ligaments of the ankle MC injured?

A

Inversion injuries

27
Q

MC ligament injured in the ankle?

A

Anterior talofibular

28
Q

Where does Morton’s neuroma occur?

A

Between 3rd and 4th MT heads

29
Q

What is the test used to determine ankle joint instability?

A

Anterior draw

30
Q

Motions of the ankle?

A

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

31
Q

Subtalar motions?

A

Inversion and eversion of foot

32
Q

Midtarsal motions?

A

Forefoot abduction and adduction

33
Q

Toe motions?

A

Flexion and extension

34
Q

How to test plantar flexion and toe extension?

A

Pt walks on toes

35
Q

How to test dorisflexion of foot?

A

Pt walks on heels

36
Q

How to test inversion of feet?

A

Pt walks on lateral sides of feet

37
Q

How to test eversion of feet?

A

Pt walks on medial sides of feet

38
Q

Dorsiflexor muscles of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior
EHL
EDL

39
Q

Plantar flexor muscles of foot?

A

Peroneus longus/brevis
Gastroc and soleus
FHL
FDL

40
Q

Describe Homan’s sign

A
  • Test for DVT
  • Forcibly dorsiflex foot
  • Positive is pain in calf
41
Q

What is Thompson’s test?

A
  • For torn Achilles tendon
  • Pt lies prone w/feet dangling
  • Examiner squeezes calf muscle
  • Toes will point down (normal)
  • With torn Achilles, toes will not move

Pt Assess II Final (17 decks)

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