Chapter 14 - Abdominal Flashcards
Which race has the highest incidence of colorectal cancer?
African Americans
Which race has the lowest incidence of colorectal cancer?
Native Americans
The lifetime risk of colonic cancer is 100% for patients with ____
Polyposis coli
What kind of diet puts a person at higher risk for colonic cancer?
Low fiber
High fat
What is the MC type of liver cancer?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
The incidence of liver cancer has been _____
Increasing
Rates of liver cancer are highest in which races?
Asians, Pacific islanders, Hispanics
MC causes of liver cancer in US/western countries
Alcohol-related cirrhosis and fatty liver disease from obesity
MC causes of liver cancer worldwide (outside of US)?
HBV and HCV
What increases the risk of pancreatic cancer?
Smoke and smokeless tobacco
Which organs are located posteriorly in the abdomen (so unlikely to be palpated)?
Kidneys
Duodenum
Pancreas
Why can a child’s kidneys be palpated?
Less developed abdominal muscles
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing
What is chyme?
Semifluid creamy material produced by gastric digestion of food
Emptying of the stomach is normally complete within:
6 hours of eating
When is the flow of pancreatic juice maximal?
Approx. 2 hours after a meal
What are the 3 enzymes of chyme?
Lipase (fats)
Amylase (starches)
Trypsin (proteins)
Where are bile acids and Vit B12 absorbed?
Ileum
What is the dark color of stool caused by?
Presence of stercobilin (a metabolite of bilirubin)
What are acholic stools?
- No bile
- Pale brown to gray
Most abdominal disease manifests itself with:
Pain!
Abdominal pain can result from:
- Mucosal irritation
- Smooth muscle spasm
- Peritoneal irritation
- Capsular swelling
- Direct nerve stimulation
3 categories of abdominal pain
- Visceral
- Parietal
- Referred
When does visceral pain develop?
Hollow abdominal organs contract forcefully or their walls are stretched